Exodus 21:3

3 If he arrives alone, he is to leave alone; if he arrives with[a] a wife, his wife is to leave with him.

Exodus 21:3 Meaning and Commentary

Exodus 21:3

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself
That is, if he came into his servitude "alone", as the Septuagint version has it, he should go out of it in like manner; the word for "by himself", some interpret with "his garment" F6, or the skirt of one; and then the sense seems to be, that as he was clothed when he was sold, so he should be when made free: but rather the phrase literally is "with his body" F7; not his naked body, or as destitute of raiment, and the necessaries of life; for, as before observed, his master was to furnish him liberally with good things: but the plain meaning is, that if he was a single or unmarried man when he entered his master's service, he should go out, so; or as a Jewish writer F8 expresses it, as if he should say, with his body, without another body with him, who is his wife, as appears by what follows; unless his master should give him a wife while in his service, which is supposed in the next verse, and even then he was to go out alone, if he chose to go out at all; though Jarchi says, if he was not married at first, his master might not give him a Canaanitish woman to beget slaves of her:

if he were married, then his wife shall go with him;
that is, if he had a wife, a daughter of Israel, as the Targum of Jonathan; or an Israelitish woman, as Jarchi, and had her at his coming; for otherwise, if it was one his master after gave him, she might not go out, as appears by the following verse; but being his wife before his servitude, and an Israelitish woman, was not the master's bondmaid, nor bought with his money, and therefore might go out free with her husband.


FOOTNOTES:

F6 (wpgb) "cum quali veste", V. L. "cum veste sua"; some in Vatablus & Drusius.
F7 "Cum corpore suo", Munster, Pagninus, Vatablus, Drusius; "solus corpore suo", Junius & Tremellius; "cum solo corpore suo", Piscator.
F8 R. Sol. Urbin. Ohel Moed, fol. 15. 1.

Exodus 21:3 In-Context

1 "These are the ordinances that you must set before them:
2 "When you buy a Hebrew slave, he is to serve for six years; then in the seventh he is to leave as a free man without paying anything.
3 If he arrives alone, he is to leave alone; if he arrives with a wife, his wife is to leave with him.
4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children belong to her master, and the man must leave alone.
5 "But if the slave declares: 'I love my master, my wife, and my children; I do not want to leave as a free man,'

Footnotes 1

  • [a]. Lit he is the husband of
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