Haggai 2

Encouragement and Promise

1 On the twenty-first day of the seventh month, the word of the Lord came through Haggai the prophet:

2 "Speak to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and to the remnant of the people:

3 Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? How does it look to you now? Doesn't it seem like nothing to you?^[a]

4 Even so, be strong, Zerubbabel"-the Lord's declaration.^[b] "Be strong, Joshua son of Jehozadak, high priest. Be strong, all you people of the land"-the Lord's declaration. "Work! For I am with you"^[c]-the declaration of the Lord of Hosts.

5 "[This is] the promise I made to you when you came out of Egypt,^[d] and My Spirit is present among you; don't be afraid."

6 For the Lord of Hosts says this: "Once more, in a little while, I am going to shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land.^[e]

7 I will shake all the nations so that the treasures of all the nations will come, and I will fill this house with glory,"^[f] says the Lord of Hosts.

8 "The silver and gold belong to Me"-the declaration of the Lord of Hosts.

9 "The final glory of this house^[g] will be greater than the first,"^[h] says the Lord of Hosts. "I will provide peace in this place"^[i]-the declaration of the Lord of Hosts.

From Deprivation to Blessing

10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth [month], in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Haggai the prophet:

11 "This is what the Lord of Hosts says: Ask the priests for a ruling.^[j]

12 If a man is carrying consecrated meat in the fold of his garment, and with his fold touches bread, stew, wine, oil, or any other food, does it become holy?"^[k] The priests answered, "No."

13 Then Haggai asked, "If someone defiled by [contact with] a corpse touches any of these, does it become defiled?"^[l] The priests answered, "It becomes defiled."

14 Then Haggai replied, "So is this people, and so is this nation before Me"-the Lord's declaration. "And so is every work of their hands; even what they offer there is defiled.

15 "Now, reflect back from this day: Before one stone was placed on another in the Lord's temple,

16 what state were you in?^[m] When someone came to a [grain] heap of 20 measures, it [only] amounted to 10; when one came to the winepress to dip 50 measures from the vat, it [only] amounted to 20.

17 I struck you-all the work of your hands-with blight, mildew,^[n] and hail,^[o] but you didn't turn to Me"-the Lord's declaration.

18 "Consider carefully from this day forward; from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, from the day the foundation of the Lord's temple was laid; consider it carefully.

19 Is there still seed left in the granary? The vine, the fig, the pomegranate, and the olive tree have not yet produced. But from this day on I will bless you."^[p]

Promise to Zerubbabel

20 The word of the Lord came to Haggai a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month:

21 "Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah: I am going to shake the heavens and the earth.^[q]

22 I will overturn royal thrones and destroy the power of the Gentile kingdoms.^[r] I will overturn chariots and their riders. Horses and their riders will fall, each by his brother's sword.

23 On that day"-the declaration of the Lord of Hosts-"I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, My servant"-the Lord's declaration-"and make you like My signet ring,^[s] for I have chosen you." [This is] the declaration of the Lord of Hosts.

Haggai 2 Commentary

Chapter 2

Greater glory promised to the second temple than to the first. (1-9) Their sins hindered the work. (10-19) The kingdom of Christ foretold. (20-23)

Verses 1-9 Those who are hearty in the Lord's service shall receive encouragement to proceed. But they could not build such a temple then, as Solomon built. Though our gracious God is pleased if we do as well as we can in his service, yet our proud hearts will scarcely let us be pleased, unless we do as well as others, whose abilities are far beyond ours. Encouragement is given the Jews to go on in the work notwithstanding. They have God with them, his Spirit and his special presence. Though he chastens their transgressions, his faithfulness does not fail. The Spirit still remained among them. And they shall have the Messiah among them shortly; "He that should come." Convulsions and changes would take place in the Jewish church and state, but first should come great revolutions and commotions among the nations. He shall come, as the Desire of all nations; desirable to all nations, for in him shall all the earth be blessed with the best of blessings; long expected and desired by all believers. The house they were building should be filled with glory, very far beyond Solomon's temple. This house shall be filled with glory of another nature. If we have silver and gold, we must serve and honour God with it, for the property is his. If we have not silver and gold, we must honour him with such as we have, and he will accept us. Let them be comforted that the glory of this latter house shall be greater than that of the former, in what would be beyond all the glories of the first house, the presence of the Messiah, the Son of God, the Lord of glory, personally, and in human nature. Nothing but the presence of the Son of God, in human form and nature, could fulfil this. Jesus is the Christ, is He that should come, and we are to look for no other. This prophecy alone is enough to silence the Jews, and condemn their obstinate rejection of Him, concerning whom all their prophets spake. If God be with us, peace is with us. But the Jews under the latter temple had much trouble; but this promise is fulfilled in that spiritual peace which Jesus Christ has by his blood purchased for all believers. All changes shall make way for Christ to be desired and valued by all nations. And the Jews shall have their eyes opened to behold how precious He is, whom they have hitherto rejected.

Verses 10-19 Many spoiled this good work, by going about it with unholy hearts and hands, and were likely to gain no advantage by it. The sum of these two rules of the law is, that sin is more easily learned from others than holiness. The impurity of their hearts and lives shall make the work of their hands, and all their offerings, unclean before God. The case is the same with us. When employed in any good work, we should watch over ourselves, lest we render it unclean by our corruptions. When we begin to make conscience of duty to God, we may expect his blessing; and whoso is wise will understand the loving-kindness of the Lord. God will curse the blessings of the wicked, and make bitter the prosperity of the careless; but he will sweeten the cup of affliction to those who diligently serve him.

Verses 20-23 The Lord will preserve Zerubbabel and the people of Judah, amidst their enemies. Here is also foretold the establishment and continuance of the kingdom of Christ; by union with whom his people are sealed with the Holy Ghost, sealed with his image, thus distinguished from all others. Here also is foretold the changes, even to that time when the kingdom of Christ shall overthrow and occupy the place of all the empires which opposed his cause. The promise has special reference to Christ, who descended from Zerubbabel in a direct line, and is the sole Builder of the gospel temple. Our Lord Jesus is the Signet on God's right hand, for all power is given to him, and derived from him. By him, and in him, all the promises of God are yea and amen. Whatever changes take place on earth, all will promote the comfort, honour, and happiness of his servants.

Footnotes

• [a]. Lit Is it not in your eyes?
• [b]. Jos 1:6-9; 1 Ch 28:10,20
• [c]. Zch 8:9
• [d]. Ex 33:14-17
• [e]. Isa 64:2; Ezk 38:19-20; Heb 12:26-28
• [f]. Ex 40:34-35; 1 Kg 8:10-11; Isa 60:1-13
• [g]. Or The glory of this latter house
• [h]. Mt 12:42
• [i]. Isa 60:18
• [j]. Mal 2:7
• [k]. Lv 6:27
• [l]. Lv 11:39; 22:4-6; Nm 19:11-13,22
• [m]. Hb obscure
• [n]. Dt 28:22; 1 Kg 8:37; Am 4:9
• [o]. Ps 105:32-33
• [p]. Zch 8:9-13
• [q]. Hg 2:6-7; Ezk 38:19-20
• [r]. Gn 19:25; Am 4:11
• [s]. Jr 22:23-25

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO HAGGAI 2

This chapter contains three sermons or prophecies, delivered by the prophet to the people of the Jews. The design of the first is to encourage them to go on with the building of the temple, though it might seem to come greatly short of the former temple, as to its outward form and splendour. The time of the prophecy, Hag 2:1 an order to deliver it to the governor, high priest, and all the people, Hag 2:2. A question is put concerning the difference between this temple and the former; between which it is suggested there was no comparison; which is assented to by silence, Hag 2:3 nevertheless, the prince, priest, and people, are exhorted to go on strenuously in the work of building; encouraged with a promise of the presence of the Lord of hosts, and of his Word, in whom he covenanted with them at their coming out of Egypt, and of the blessed Spirit, and his continuance with them, Hag 2:4,5 and, the more to remove their fears and faintings, it is declared that in a very short time a most wonderful thing should be done in the world, which would affect all the nations of the earth; for that illustrious Person would come, whom all nations do or should desire; and, not only come into the world, but into that temple they were building, and give it a greater glory than the former; yea, a greater glory than if all the gold and silver in the world were laid out upon it, or brought into it; which being all the Lord's, could have been easily done by him; but he would give in it something infinitely greater than that, even the Prince of peace, with all the blessings of it, Hag 2:6-9 then follows the second sermon or prophecy, the time of which is observed, Hag 2:10 and it is introduced with some questions concerning ceremonial uncleanness, by an unclean person's touching holy flesh with the skirt of his garment; and other things, which is confirmed by the answer of the priests, Hag 2:11-13 the application of which is made to the people of the Jews, who were alike unclean; they, their works, and their sacrifices, Hag 2:14 and these are directed to consider, that, during the time they had neglected to build the temple, they were attended with scarcity of provisions; their fields and vineyards being blasted with mildew or destroyed by hail, and their labours proved unsuccessful, Hag 2:15-17 but now, since they had begun the work of building, it is promised they should be blessed with everything, though they had nothing in store, and everything was unpromising to them; which is designed to encourage them to go on cheerfully in their begun work, Hag 2:18,19 and the chapter is concluded with the last discourse or prophecy, the date of which is given, Hag 2:20 an instruction to deliver it to Zerubbabel, Hag 2:21 foretelling the destruction of the kingdoms of the heathen; and the setting up of the kingdom of the Messiah, of whom Zerubbabel was a type, precious and honourable in the sight of God, Hag 2:22,23.