Psalms 18

1 {To the chief Musician. [A Psalm] of David, the servant of Jehovah, who spoke to Jehovah the words of this song in the day that Jehovah had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies and out of the hand of Saul. And he said,} I will love thee, O Jehovah, my strength.

2 Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I will trust; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.

3 I will call upon Jehovah, who is to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies.

4 The bands of death encompassed me, and torrents of Belial made me afraid.

5 The bands of Sheol surrounded me, the cords of death encountered me.

6 In my distress I called upon Jehovah, and I cried out to my God; he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, into his ears.

7 Then the earth shook and quaked, and the foundations of the mountains trembled and shook, because he was wroth.

8 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals burned forth from it.

9 And he bowed the heavens, and came down; and darkness was under his feet.

10 And he rode upon a cherub and did fly; yea, he flew fast upon the wings of the wind.

11 He made darkness his secret place, his tent round about him: darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.

12 From the brightness before him his thick clouds passed forth: hail and coals of fire.

13 And Jehovah thundered in the heavens, and the Most High uttered his voice: hail and coals of fire.

14 And he sent his arrows, and scattered [mine enemies]; and he shot forth lightnings, and discomfited them.

15 And the beds of the waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were uncovered at thy rebuke, Jehovah, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils.

16 He reached forth from above, he took me, he drew me out of great waters:

17 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me; for they were mightier than I.

18 They encountered me in the day of my calamity, but Jehovah was my stay.

19 And he brought me forth into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.

20 Jehovah hath rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.

21 For I have kept the ways of Jehovah, and have not wickedly departed from my God.

22 For all his ordinances were before me, and I did not put away his statutes from me;

23 And I was upright with him, and kept myself from mine iniquity.

24 And Jehovah hath recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight.

25 With the gracious thou dost shew thyself gracious; with the upright man thou dost shew thyself upright;

26 With the pure thou dost shew thyself pure; and with the perverse thou dost shew thyself contrary.

27 For it is thou that savest the afflicted people; but the haughty eyes wilt thou bring down.

28 For it is thou that makest my lamp to shine: Jehovah my God enlighteneth my darkness.

29 For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall.

30 As for God, his way is perfect; the word of Jehovah is tried: he is a shield to all that trust in him.

31 For who is God save Jehovah? and who is a rock if not our God?

32 The God who girdeth me with strength, and maketh my way perfect,

33 Who maketh my feet like hinds' [feet], and setteth me upon my high places;

34 Who teacheth my hands to war, and mine arms bend a bow of brass;

35 And thou didst give me the shield of thy salvation, and thy right hand held me up; and thy condescending gentleness hath made me great.

36 Thou didst enlarge my steps under me, and mine ankles have not wavered.

37 I pursued mine enemies, and overtook them; and I turned not again till they were consumed.

38 I crushed them, and they were not able to rise: they fell under my feet.

39 And thou girdedst me with strength to battle; thou didst subdue under me those that rose up against me.

40 And mine enemies didst thou make to turn their backs unto me, and those that hated me I destroyed.

41 They cried, and there was none to save; -- unto Jehovah, and he answered them not.

42 And I did beat them small as dust before the wind; I did cast them out as the mire of the streets.

43 Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; thou hast made me the head of the nations: a people I knew not doth serve me.

44 At the hearing of the ear, they obey me: strangers come cringing unto me.

45 Strangers have faded away, and they come trembling forth from their close places.

46 Jehovah liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of my salvation,

47 The God who hath avenged me, and hath subjected the peoples to me;

48 Who hath delivered me from mine enemies: yea, thou hast lifted me up above them that rose up against me; from the man of violence hast thou delivered me.

49 Therefore will I give thanks to thee, Jehovah, among the nations, and will sing psalms to thy name.

50 [It is he] who giveth great deliverances to his king, and sheweth loving-kindness to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore.

Psalms 18 Commentary

Chapter 18

David rejoices in the deliverances God wrought for him. (1-19) He takes the comfort of his integrity, which God had cleared up. (20-28) He gives to God the glory of all his mighty deeds. (29-50)

Verses 1-19 The first words, "I will love thee, O Lord, my strength," are the scope and contents of the psalm. Those that truly love God, may triumph in him as their Rock and Refuge, and may with confidence call upon him. It is good for us to observe all the circumstances of a mercy which magnify the power of God and his goodness to us in it. David was a praying man, and God was found a prayer-hearing God. If we pray as he did, we shall speed as he did. God's manifestation of his presence is very fully described, ver. ( 7-15 ) . Little appeared of man, but much of God, in these deliverances. It is not possible to apply to the history of the son of Jesse those awful, majestic, and stupendous words which are used through this description of the Divine manifestation. Every part of so solemn a scene of terrors tells us, a greater than David is here. God will not only deliver his people out of their troubles in due time, but he will bear them up under their troubles in the mean time. Can we meditate on ver. 18, without directing one thought to Gethsemane and Calvary? Can we forget that it was in the hour of Christ's deepest calamity, when Judas betrayed, when his friends forsook, when the multitude derided him, and the smiles of his Father's love were withheld, that the powers of darkness prevented him? The sorrows of death surrounded him, in his distress he prayed, ( Hebrews 5:7 ) . God made the earth to shake and tremble, and the rocks to cleave, and brought him out, in his resurrection, because he delighted in him and in his undertaking.

Verses 20-28 Those that forsake the ways of the Lord, depart from their God. But though conscious to ourselves of many a false step, let there not be a wicked departure from our God. David kept his eye upon the rule of God's commands. Constant care to keep from that sin, whatever it be, which most easily besets us, proves that we are upright before God. Those who show mercy to others, even they need mercy. Those who are faithful to God, shall find him all that to them which he has promised to be. The words of the Lord are pure words, very sure to be depended on, and very sweet to be delighted in. Those who resist God, and walk contrary to him, shall find that he will walk contrary to them, ( Leviticus 26:21-24 ) . The gracious recompence of which David spoke, may generally be expected by those who act from right motives. Hence he speaks comfort to the humble, and terror to the proud; "Thou wilt bring down high looks." And he speaks encouragement to himself; "Thou wilt light my candle:" thou wilt revive and comfort my sorrowful spirit; thou wilt guide my way, that I may avoid the snares laid for me. Thou wilt light my candle to work by, and give me an opportunity of serving thee. Let those that walk in darkness, and labour under discouragements, take courage; God himself will be a Light to them.

Verses 29-50 When we praise for one mercy, we must observe the many more, with which we have been compassed all our days. Many things had contributed to David's advancement, and he owns the hand of God in them all, to teach us to do likewise. In verse Verse 32 , and the following verses, are the gifts of God to the spiritual warrior, whereby he is prepared for the contest, after the example of his victorious Leader. Learn that we must seek release being made through Christ, shall be rejected. In David the type, we behold out of trouble through Christ. The prayer put up, without reconciliation Jesus our Redeemer, conflicting with enemies, compassed with sorrows and with floods of ungodly men, enduring not only the pains of death, but the wrath of God for us; yet calling upon the Father with strong cries and tears; rescued from the grave; proceeding to reconcile, or to put under his feet all other enemies, till death, the last enemy, shall be destroyed. We should love the Lord, our Strength, and our Salvation; we should call on him in every trouble, and praise him for every deliverance; we should aim to walk with him in all righteousness and true holiness, keeping from sin. If we belong to him, he conquers and reigns for us, and we shall conquer and reign through him, and partake of the mercy of our anointed King, which is promised to all his seed for evermore. Amen.

Footnotes

• [a]. As 8.2; so vers. 3,17,37,40,48
• [b]. Compare 2Sam. 22 throughout, and Notes there.
• [c]. Sela, 'a high rock,' see Isa. 16.1.
• [d]. Lit. 'and scattered them.'
• [e]. Or 'and many lightnings.'
• [f]. Or 'judgments.'
• [g]. Or 'perfect:' as Gen. 6.9; Job 1.1; 4.6.
• [h]. Chasid: see Notes, 2Sam. 22.26; 2Chron. 6.42.
• [i]. Chesed: see 2Chron. 6.42.
• [j]. Or 'wilt save.'
• [k]. Imrah: see Ps. 119.11.
• [l]. Or 'refined:' see Ps. 12.6.
• [m]. Others read 'break.'
• [n]. Or 'fortified:' see Mic. 7.17.
• [o]. Or 'celebrate thy Praises.'
• [p]. Chesed: see 2Chron. 6.42.

Chapter Summary

To the chief Musician, [a Psalm] of David. This is the same with that in 2 Samuel 22:1, with some variations, omissions, and alterations:

the servant of the Lord; not only by creation, nor merely by regeneration, but by office, as king of Israel, being put into it by the Lord, and acting in it in submission and obedience to him; just as the apostles under the New Testament, on account of their office, so style themselves in their epistles:

who spake unto the Lord the words of this song; that is, who delivered and sung this song in so many express words, in public, before all the congregation of Israel, to the honour and glory of God:

in the day [that] the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul, Not that this psalm was composed and sung the selfsame day that David was delivered from Saul, and set upon the throne; for it seems to have been written in his old age, at the close of his days; for immediately after it, in the second book of Samuel, it follows, "now these be the last words of David," 2 Samuel 23:1: but the sense is, that whereas David had many enemies, and particularly Saul, who was his greatest enemy, the Lord delivered him from them all, and especially from him, from him first, and then from all the rest; which when he reflected upon in his last days, he sat down and wrote this psalm, and then sung it in public, having delivered it into the hands of the chief musician for that purpose. There are two passages cited out of it in the New Testament, and applied to Christ; Psalm 18:2, in Hebrews 2:13, and Psalm 18:49 in Romans 15:9; and there are many things in it that very well agree with him; he is eminently the "servant" of the Lord as Mediator; he was encompassed with the snares and sorrows of death and hell, and with the floods of ungodly men, when in the garden and on the cross God was his helper and deliverer, as man; and he was victorious over all enemies, sin, Satan, the world, death and hell; as the subject of this psalm is all along represented: and to Christ it does most properly belong to be the head of the Heathen, whose voluntary subjects the Gentiles are said to be, Psalm 18:43; and which is expressed in much the same language as the like things are in Isaiah 55:4; which is a clear and undoubted prophecy of the Messiah; to which may be added, that the Lord's Anointed, the King Messiah, and who is also called David, is expressly mentioned in Psalm 18:50; and which is applied to the Messiah by the Jews {q} as Psalm 18:32 is paraphrased of him by the Targum on it;

and he said; the following words:

{q} Echa Rabbati, fol. 50. 2. & Midrash Tillim in Tzeror Hammor, fol. 47. 3.