Salmi 69

1 Salmo di Davide, dato al capo de’ Musici, sopra Sosannim. SALVAMI, o Dio; Perciocchè le acque son pervenute infino all’anima.

2 Io sono affondato in un profondo pantano, Ove non vi è luogo da fermare il piè; Io son giunto alle profondità dell’acqua, e la corrente m’inonda.

3 Io sono stanco di gridare, io ho la gola asciutta; Gli occhi mi son venuti meno, aspettando l’Iddio mio.

4 Quelli che mi odiano senza cagione Sono in maggior numero che i capelli del mio capo; Quelli che mi disertano, e che mi sono nemici a torto, si fortificano; Ecco là, io ho renduto ciò che non aveva rapito.

5 O Dio, tu conosci la mia follia; E le mie colpe non ti sono occulte.

6 O Signore, Dio degli eserciti, Quelli che sperano in te non sieno confusi per cagion di me; Quelli che ti cercano non sieno svergognati per me, O Dio d’Israele.

7 Perciocchè per l’amor di te io soffro vituperio; Vergogna mi ha coperta la faccia.

8 Io son divenuto strano a’ miei fratelli, E forestiere a’ figliuoli di mia madre.

9 Perciocchè lo zelo della tua Casa mi ha roso; E i vituperii di quelli che ti fanno vituperio mi caggiono addosso.

10 Io ho pianto, affliggendo l’anima mia col digiuno; Ma ciò mi è tornato in grande obbrobrio.

11 Ancora ho fatto d’un sacco il mio vestimento; Ma son loro stato in proverbio.

12 Quelli che seggono nella porta ragionano di me; E le canzoni de’ bevitori di cervogia ne parlano.

13 Ma quant’è a me, o Signore, la mia orazione s’indirizza a te; Egli vi è un tempo di benevolenza; O Dio, per la grandezza della tua benignità, E per la verità della tua salute, rispondimi.

14 Tirami fuor del pantano, che io non vi affondi, E che io sia riscosso da quelli che mi hanno in odio, Dalle profondità delle acque;

15 Che la corrente delle acque non m’inondi, E che il gorgo non mi tranghiotta, E che il pozzo non turi sopra me la sua bocca.

16 Rispondimi, o Signore; perciocchè la tua benignità è buona; Secondo la grandezza delle tue compassioni riguarda verso me.

17 E non nascondere il tuo volto dal tuo servo; Perciocchè io son distretto; affrettati, rispondimi.

18 Accostati all’anima mia, riscattala; Riscuotimi, per cagion de’ miei nemici.

19 Tu conosci il vituperio, l’onta, e la vergogna che mi è fatta; Tutti i miei nemici son davanti a te.

20 Il vituperio mi ha rotto il cuore, e io son tutto dolente; Ed ho aspettato che alcuno si condolesse meco, ma non vi è stato alcuno; Ed ho aspettati de’ consolatori, ma non ne ho trovati.

21 Hanno, oltre a ciò, messo del veleno nella mia vivanda; E, nella mia sete, mi hanno dato a bere dell’aceto.

22 Sia la lor mensa un laccio teso davanti a loro; E le lor prosperità sieno loro una trappola.

23 Gli occhi loro sieno oscurati, sì che non possano vedere; E fa’ loro del continuo vacillare i lombi.

24 Spandi l’ira tua sopra loro, E colgali l’ardor del tuo cruccio.

25 Sieno desolati i lor palazzi; Ne’ lor tabernacoli non vi sia alcuno abitatore.

26 Perciocchè hanno perseguitato colui che tu hai percosso, E fatte le lor favole del dolore di coloro che tu hai feriti.

27 Aggiugni loro iniquità sopra iniquità; E non abbiano giammai entrata alla tua giustizia.

28 Sieno cancellati dal libro della vita; E non sieno scritti co’ giusti.

29 Ora, quant’è a me, io sono afflitto e addolorato; La tua salute, o Dio, mi levi ad alto.

30 Io loderò il Nome di Dio con cantici, E lo magnificherò con lode.

31 E ciò sarà più accettevole al Signore, che bue, Che giovenco con corna ed unghie.

32 I mansueti, vedendo ciò, si rallegreranno; Ed il cuor vostro viverà, o voi che cercate Iddio.

33 Perciocchè il Signore esaudisce i bisognosi, E non isprezza i suoi prigioni.

34 Lodinlo i cieli e la terra; I mari, e tutto ciò che in essi guizza.

35 Perciocchè Iddio salverà Sion, ed edificherà le città di Giuda; E coloro vi abiteranno, e possederanno Sion per eredità.

36 E la progenie de’ suoi servitori l’erederà; E quelli che amano il suo Nome abiteranno in essa.

Salmi 69 Commentary

Chapter 69

David complains of great distress. (1-12) And begs for succour. (13-21) He declares the judgments of God. (22-29) He concludes with joy and praise. (30-36)

Verses 1-12 We should frequently consider the person of the Sufferer here spoken of, and ask why, as well as what he suffered, that, meditating thereon, we may be more humbled for sin, and more convinced of our danger, so that we may feel more gratitude and love, constraining us to live to His glory who died for our salvation. Hence we learn, when in affliction, to commit the keeping of our souls to God, that we may not be soured with discontent, or sink into despair. David was hated wrongfully, but the words far more fully apply to Christ. In a world where unrighteousness reigns so much, we must not wonder if we meet with those that are our enemies wrongfully. Let us take care that we never do wrong; then if we receive wrong, we may the better bear it. By the satisfaction Christ made to God for our sin by his blood, he restored that which he took not away, he paid our debt, suffered for our offences. Even when we can plead Not guilty, as to men's unjust accusations, yet before God we must acknowledge ourselves to deserve all that is brought upon us. All our sins take rise from our foolishness. They are all done in God's sight. David complains of the unkindness of friends and relations. This was fulfilled in Christ, whose brethren did not believe on him, and who was forsaken by his disciples. Christ made satisfaction for us, not only by putting off the honours due to God, but by submitting to the greatest dishonours that could be done to any man. We need not be discouraged if our zeal for the truths, precepts, and worship of God, should provoke some, and cause others to mock our godly sorrow and deadness to the world.

Verses 13-21 Whatever deep waters of affliction or temptation we sink into, whatever floods of trouble or ungodly men seem ready to overwhelm us, let us persevere in prayer to our Lord to save us. The tokens of God's favour to us are enough to keep our spirits from sinking in the deepest outward troubles. If we think well of God, and continue to do so under the greatest hardships, we need not fear but he will do well for us. And if at any time we are called on to suffer reproach and shame, for Christ's sake, this may be our comfort, that he knows it. It bears hard on one that knows the worth of a good name, to be oppressed with a bad one; but when we consider what a favour it is to be accounted worthy to suffer shame for the name of Jesus, we shall see that there is no reason why it should be heart-breaking to us. The sufferings of Christ were here particularly foretold, which proves the Scripture to be the word of God; and how exactly these predictions were fulfilled in Jesus Christ, which proves him to be the true Messiah. The vinegar and the gall given to him, were a faint emblem of that bitter cup which he drank up, that we might drink the cup of salvation. We cannot expect too little from men, miserable comforters are they all; nor can we expect too much from the God of all comfort and consolation.

Verses 22-29 These are prophecies of the destruction of Christ's ( psalms 69:22-23 ) upon the unbelieving Jews, in ( romans 11:9 romans 11:10 ) . When the supports of life and delights of sense, through the corruption of our nature, are made the food and fuel of sin, then our table is a snare. Their sin was, that they would not see, but shut their eyes against the light, loving darkness rather; their punishment was, that they should not see, but should be given up to their own hearts' lusts which hardened them. Those who reject God's great salvation proffered to them, may justly fear that his indignation will be poured out upon them. If men will sin, the Lord will reckon for it. But those that have multiplied to sin, may yet find mercy, through the righteousness of the Mediator. God shuts not out any from that righteousness; the gospel excludes none who do not, by unbelief, shut themselves out. But those who are proud and self-willed, so that they will not come in to God's righteousness, shall have their doom accordingly; they themselves decide it. Let those not expect any benefit thereby, who are not glad to be beholden to it. It is better to be poor and sorrowful, with the blessing of the Lord, than rich and jovial, and under his curse. This may be applied to Christ. He was, when on earth, a man of sorrows that had not where to lay his head; but God exalted him. Let us call upon the Lord, and though poor and sorrowful, guilty and defiled, his salvation will set us up on high.

Verses 30-36 The psalmist concludes the psalm with holy joy and praise, which he began with complaints of his grief. It is a great comfort to us, that humble and thankful praises are more pleasing to God than the most costly, pompous sacrifices. The humble shall look to him, and be glad; those that seek him through Christ shall live and be comforted. God will do great things for the gospel church, in which let all who wish well to it rejoice. A seed shall serve him on earth, and his servants shall inherit his heavenly kingdom. Those that love his name shall dwell before him for ever. He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things? Arise, thou great Restorer of the ancient places to dwell in, and turn away ungodliness from thy people.

Chapter Summary

To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, [A Psalm] of David. Of the word "shoshannim," See Gill on "Ps 45:1," title. The Targum renders it, "concerning the removal of the sanhedrim;" which was about the time of Christ's death. The Talmudists {t} say, that forty years before the destruction of the temple, the sanhedrim removed, they removed from the paved chamber, &c. But it can hardly be thought that David prophesied of this affair; nor of the captivity of the people of Israel, as the Targum, Aben Ezra, Kimchi, Arama, and R. Obadiah interpret it: and so Jarchi takes the word "shoshannim" to signify lilies, and applies it to the Israelites, who are as a lily among thorns. But not a body of people, but a single person, is spoken of, and in sorrowful and suffering circumstances; and, if the Jews were not blind, they might see that they are the enemies of the person designed, and the evil men from whom he suffered so much. And indeed what is said of him cannot be said of them, nor of any other person whatever but the Messiah: and that the psalm belongs to Christ, and to the times of the Gospel, is abundantly evident from the citations out of it in the New Testament; as

Psalm 69:4 in John 15:25;
Psalm 69:9 in John 2:17;
Psalm 69:21 in Matthew 27:34;
Psalm 69:22 in Romans 11:9;
Psalm 69:25 in Acts 1:16.

The inscription of the psalm in the Syriac version is, "'a psalm' of David, according to the letter, when Shemuah (Sheba), the son of Bichri, blew a trumpet, and the people ceased from following after him (David); but the prophecy is said concerning those things which the Messiah suffered, and concerning the rejection of the Jews." And Aben Ezra interprets Psalm 69:36 of the days of David, or of the days of the Messiah.

{t} T. Bab. Avoda Zara, fol. 8. 2. & Roshhashanah, fol. 31. 1, 2.