Ecclesiastes 2:1-11

Qohelet’s Investigation of Self-Indulgence

1 I said {to myself}, "Come! I will test pleasure {to see whether it is worthwhile}." But look, "This also [is] vanity!"
2 I said of laughter, "[It is] folly!" and of pleasure, "{What does it accomplish?}"
3 I also {explored} {the effects of indulging my flesh} with wine. My mind guiding me with wisdom, {I investigated} folly so that I might discover what [is] good under heaven for {humans} to do {during the days of their lives}.

Qohelet’s Investigation of Personal Accomplishment

4 {I accomplished great things}. I built for myself houses; I planted for myself vineyards.
5 I made for myself gardens and parks, and I planted all [sorts of] fruit trees in them.
6 I made for myself pools of water from which to irrigate a grove of flourishing trees.
7 I acquired male slaves and female slaves, as well as children [born in my] house. I also had livestock, cattle, and flocks more than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem.
8 I also gathered to myself silver and gold--the royal and provincial treasuries. I acquired for myself male and female singers, as well as the delight of {men}, {voluptuous concubines}.
9 Thus, {I accomplished far more} than anyone who [was] before me in Jerusalem--indeed, my wisdom stood by me.
10 I neither withheld anything from my eyes that they desired, nor did I deprive any pleasure from my heart. My heart rejoiced in all my toil, for this was my reward from all my toil.
11 Yet when I considered all the effort which I expended and the toil with which I toiled to do, then behold, "Everything [is] vanity and chasing wind! There is nothing profitable under the sun!"

Ecclesiastes 2:1-11 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO ECCLESIASTES 2

Solomon, having made trial of natural wisdom and knowledge in its utmost extent, and found it to be vanity, proceeds to the experiment of pleasure, and tries whether any happiness was in that, Ec 2:1. As for that which at first sight was vain, frothy, and frolicsome, he dispatches at once, and condemns it as mad and unprofitable, Ec 2:2; but as for those pleasures which were more manly, rational, and lawful, he dwells upon them, and gives a particular enumeration of them, as what he had made full trial of; as good eating and drinking, in a moderate way, without abuse; fine and spacious buildings; delightful vineyards, gardens, and orchards; parks, forests, and enclosures; fish pools, and fountains of water; a large retinue, and equipage of servants; great possessions, immense riches and treasure; a collection of the greatest rarities, and curiosities in nature; all kinds of music, vocal and instrumental, Ec 2:3-8; in all which he exceeded any that went before him; nor did he deny himself of any pleasure, in a lawful way, that could possibly be enjoyed, Ec 2:9,10. And yet on a survey of the whole, and after a thorough experience of what could be found herein, he pronounces all vanity and vexation of spirit, Ec 2:11; and returns again to his former subject, wisdom; and looks that over again, to see if he could find real happiness in it, being sadly disappointed in that of pleasure, Ec 2:12. He indeed commends wisdom, and prefers it to folly, and a wise man to a fool; Ec 2:13,14; and yet observes some things which lessen its value; and shows there is no happiness in it, the same events befalling a wise man and a fool; both alike forgotten, and die in like manner, Ec 2:15,16. And then he takes into consideration business of life, and a laborious industry to obtain wealth; and this he condemns as grievous, hateful, and vexatious, because, after all a man's acquisitions, he knows not to whom he shall leave them, whether to a wise man or a fool, Ec 2:17-21. And because a man himself has no rest all his days, nothing but sorrow and grief, Ec 2:22,23; wherefore he concludes it is best for a man to enjoy the good things of this life himself; which he confirms by his own experience, and by an, antithesis between a good man and a wicked one, Ec 2:24-26.

Footnotes 15

  • [a]. Literally "to my heart"
  • [b]. The MT reads "I will test you," but the BHS editors propose "I will test ..." Whether or not one adopts MT, Qohelet is speaking to himself
  • [c]. Literally "and look at goodness"; this idiom refers to the enjoyment of life
  • [d]. Literally "What does it give?"
  • [e]. Literally "I searched in my mind"
  • [f]. Literally "to cheer my flesh"
  • [g]. Literally "laid hold of"
  • [h]. Follows MT; two medieval Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Peshitta read, "under the sun," cf. 1:3, 9, etc.
  • [i]. Literally "the sons of the man"
  • [j]. Literally "the number of the days of their lives"
  • [k]. Literally "I made great my works"
  • [l]. Literally "the sons of the man"
  • [m]. Literally "a breast and breasts," as a synecdoche for beautiful women in the king's harem
  • [n]. Literally "I became great and I surpassed"
  • [o]. Or "turned to"
Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.