Deuteronomy 5

The Ten Commandments

1 Moses summoned all Israel and said: Hear, Israel, the decrees and laws I declare in your hearing today. Learn them and be sure to follow them.
2 The LORD our God made a covenant with us at Horeb.
3 It was not with our ancestors[a] that the LORD made this covenant, but with us, with all of us who are alive here today.
4 The LORD spoke to you face to face out of the fire on the mountain.
5 (At that time I stood between the LORD and you to declare to you the word of the LORD, because you were afraid of the fire and did not go up the mountain.) And he said:
6 “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.
7 “You shall have no other gods before[b] me.
8 “You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below.
9 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,
10 but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.
11 “You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.
12 “Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy, as the LORD your God has commanded you.
13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
14 but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your ox, your donkey or any of your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns, so that your male and female servants may rest, as you do.
15 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. Therefore the LORD your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.
16 “Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, so that you may live long and that it may go well with you in the land the LORD your God is giving you.
17 “You shall not murder.
18 “You shall not commit adultery.
19 “You shall not steal.
20 “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
21 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife. You shall not set your desire on your neighbor’s house or land, his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”
22 These are the commandments the LORD proclaimed in a loud voice to your whole assembly there on the mountain from out of the fire, the cloud and the deep darkness; and he added nothing more. Then he wrote them on two stone tablets and gave them to me.
23 When you heard the voice out of the darkness, while the mountain was ablaze with fire, all the leaders of your tribes and your elders came to me.
24 And you said, “The LORD our God has shown us his glory and his majesty, and we have heard his voice from the fire. Today we have seen that a person can live even if God speaks with them.
25 But now, why should we die? This great fire will consume us, and we will die if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any longer.
26 For what mortal has ever heard the voice of the living God speaking out of fire, as we have, and survived?
27 Go near and listen to all that the LORD our God says. Then tell us whatever the LORD our God tells you. We will listen and obey.”
28 The LORD heard you when you spoke to me, and the LORD said to me, “I have heard what this people said to you. Everything they said was good.
29 Oh, that their hearts would be inclined to fear me and keep all my commands always, so that it might go well with them and their children forever!
30 “Go, tell them to return to their tents.
31 But you stay here with me so that I may give you all the commands, decrees and laws you are to teach them to follow in the land I am giving them to possess.”
32 So be careful to do what the LORD your God has commanded you; do not turn aside to the right or to the left.
33 Walk in obedience to all that the LORD your God has commanded you, so that you may live and prosper and prolong your days in the land that you will possess.

Deuteronomy 5 Commentary

Chapter 5

The covenant in Horeb. (1-5) The ten commandments repeated. (6-22) The request of the people that the law might be delivered through Moses. (23-33)

Verses 1-5 Moses demands attention. When we hear the word of God we must learn it; and what we have learned we must put in practice, for that is the end of hearing and learning; not to fill our heads with notions, or our mouths with talk, but to direct our affections and conduct.

Verses 6-22 There is some variation here from ( Exodus 20 ) as between the Lord's prayer in #Mt 6| and ( Luke 11 ) . It is more necessary that we tie ourselves to the things, than to the words unalterably. The original reason for hallowing the sabbath, taken from God's resting from the work of creation on the seventh day, is not here mentioned. Though this ever remains in force, it is not the only reason. Here it is taken from Israel's deliverance out of Egypt; for that was typical of our redemption by Jesus Christ, in remembrance of which the Christian sabbath was to be observed. In the resurrection of Christ we were brought into the glorious liberty of the children of God, with a mighty hand, and an outstretched arm. How sweet is it to a soul truly distressed under the terrors of a broken law, to hear the mild and soul-reviving language of the gospel!

Verses 23-33 Moses refers to the consternation caused by the terror with which the law was given. God's appearances have always been terrible to man, ever since the fall; but Christ, having taken away sin, invites us to come boldly to the throne of grace. They were in a good mind, under the strong convictions of the word they heard. Many have their consciences startled by the law who have them not purified; fair promises are extorted from them, but no good principles are fixed and rooted in them. God commended what they said. He desires the welfare and salvation of poor sinners. He has given abundant proof that he does so; he gives us time and space to repent. He has sent his Son to redeem us, promised his Spirit to those who pray for him, and has declared that he has no pleasure in the ruin of sinners. It would be well with many, if there were always such a heart in them, as there seems to be sometimes; when they are under conviction of sin, or the rebukes of providence, or when they come to look death in the face. The only way to be happy, is to be holy. Say to the righteous, It shall be well with them. Let believers make it more and more their study and delight, to do as the Lord God hath commanded.

Cross References 53

  • 1. S Exodus 18:20
  • 2. Exodus 19:5; Jeremiah 11:2; Hebrews 9:15; Hebrews 10:15-17
  • 3. S Genesis 17:9; S Exodus 3:1
  • 4. Deuteronomy 11:2-7
  • 5. Numbers 26:63-65; Hebrews 8:9
  • 6. S Deuteronomy 4:12; Deuteronomy 4:12,33,36
  • 7. S Numbers 14:14
  • 8. S Exodus 19:18
  • 9. Galatians 3:19
  • 10. S Genesis 3:10; Hebrews 12:18-21; Exodus 20:18,21
  • 11. S Exodus 13:3; S Exodus 29:46
  • 12. Leviticus 26:1; Deuteronomy 6:4; Psalms 81:10
  • 13. Leviticus 26:1; Deuteronomy 4:15-18; Psalms 78:58; Psalms 97:7
  • 14. S Numbers 26:11
  • 15. Exodus 34:7; S Numbers 10:35; Numbers 14:18
  • 16. S Exodus 34:7
  • 17. Numbers 14:18; Deuteronomy 7:9; Nehemiah 1:5; Jeremiah 32:18; Daniel 9:4
  • 18. Psalms 139:20
  • 19. Leviticus 19:12; Deuteronomy 10:20; Matthew 5:33-37
  • 20. Exodus 16:23-30; Exodus 31:13-17; Mark 2:27-28; Exodus 20:8
  • 21. S Genesis 2:2; Matthew 12:2; Mark 2:27; Hebrews 4:4
  • 22. Job 31:13; Jeremiah 34:9-11
  • 23. Jeremiah 17:21,24
  • 24. S Genesis 15:13
  • 25. Exodus 6:1; Psalms 108:6; Jeremiah 32:21
  • 26. S Deuteronomy 4:34
  • 27. Malachi 1:6
  • 28. Exodus 21:17; Exodus 20:12; Leviticus 19:3; Deuteronomy 27:16; Ezekiel 22:7; Matthew 15:4*; Matthew 19:19*; Mark 7:10*; Mark 10:19*; Luke 18:20*; Ephesians 6:2-3*; Colossians 3:20
  • 29. S Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 11:9; Proverbs 3:1-2
  • 30. Genesis 9:6; Leviticus 24:17; Ecclesiastes 3:3; Jeremiah 40:15; Jeremiah 41:3; Matthew 5:21-22*; Matthew 19:19*; Mark 10:19*; Luke 18:20*; Romans 13:9*; James 2:11*
  • 31. Leviticus 20:10; Matthew 5:27-30; Matthew 19:18*; Mark 10:19*; Luke 18:20*; Romans 13:9*; James 2:11*
  • 32. Leviticus 19:11; Matthew 19:19*; Mark 10:19*; Luke 18:20*; Romans 13:9*
  • 33. S Exodus 23:1; Matthew 19:18*; Mark 10:19*; Luke 18:20*
  • 34. Romans 7:7*; Romans 13:9*
  • 35. S Exodus 20:21
  • 36. S Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Deuteronomy 4:13
  • 37. S Exodus 3:16
  • 38. Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 11:2; Isaiah 53:4
  • 39. S Deuteronomy 3:24
  • 40. Exodus 19:19
  • 41. Exodus 20:18-19; Deuteronomy 18:16; Hebrews 12:19
  • 42. S Exodus 33:20; Deuteronomy 4:33; Judges 6:22-23; Judges 13:22; Isaiah 6:5
  • 43. S Exodus 19:8
  • 44. S Exodus 24:7
  • 45. Deuteronomy 18:17
  • 46. Psalms 81:8,13
  • 47. Joshua 22:5; Psalms 78:7; Deuteronomy 11:1; Isaiah 48:18
  • 48. ver 33; S Deuteronomy 4:1,40; Deuteronomy 12:25; Deuteronomy 22:7
  • 49. Exodus 24:12
  • 50. S Deuteronomy 4:29; Deuteronomy 10:12
  • 51. Deuteronomy 17:11,20; Deuteronomy 28:14; Joshua 1:7; Joshua 23:6; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 22:2; Proverbs 4:27
  • 52. Isaiah 3:10; Jeremiah 7:23; Jeremiah 38:20; S Luke 1:6
  • 53. S ver 29; Deuteronomy 4:40

Footnotes 2

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 5

In this chapter Moses, after a short preface, De 5:1-5, repeats the law of the decalogue, or ten commands, with some little variation, De 5:6-21, and then reminds the Israelites of the terrible manner in which it was delivered to them, De 5:22,23 which put them upon making a request that Moses might be a mediator between God and them, and hear what the Lord had to say, and report it to them; to which they promised obedience, De 5:24-27 and which being agreeable to the Lord was granted, De 5:28-31, and this laid them under a greater obligation to observe the commands of God, and keep them, De 5:32,33.

Deuteronomy 5 Commentaries

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