Exodus 34:10-28

The Covenant Renewed

10 Then God said, "Behold, ¹I am going to make a covenant. Before all your people ²I will perform miracles which have not been produced in all the earth nor among any of the nations; and all the people among whom you live will see the working of the LORD, for it is a fearful thing that I am going to perform with you.

11 "Be sure to observe what I am commanding you this day: behold, ³I am going to drive out the Amorite before * you, and the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite.

12 "⁴Watch yourself that you make no covenant with the inhabitants of the land into which you are going, or it will become a snare in your midst.

13 "⁵But rather, you are to tear down their altars and smash their sacred pillars and cut down their ⁶Asherim

14 -for ⁷you shall not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God -

15 otherwise you might make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land and they would play the harlot with their gods and ⁸sacrifice to their gods, and someone ⁹might invite you to eat of his sacrifice,

16 and ¹⁰you might take some of his daughters for your sons, and his daughters might play the harlot with their gods and cause your sons also to play the harlot with their gods.

17 "¹¹You shall make for yourself no molten gods.

18 "You shall observe ¹²the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For ¹³seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the ¹⁴month of Abib, for in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.

19 "¹⁵The first offspring from every womb belongs to Me, and all your male livestock, the first offspring from cattle and sheep.

20 "¹⁶You shall redeem with a lamb the first offspring from a donkey; and if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. You shall redeem ¹⁷all the firstborn of your sons. ¹⁸None shall appear before Me empty-handed.

21 "You shall work ¹⁹six days, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even during plowing time and harvest you shall rest.

22 "You shall celebrate ²⁰the Feast of Weeks, that is, the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.

23 "²¹Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel.

24 "For I will ²²drive out nations before * you and enlarge your borders, and no man shall covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God.

25 "²³You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread, ²⁴nor is the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover to be left over until morning.

26 "You shall bring ²⁵the very first of the first fruits of your soil into the house of the LORD your God. "Y ou shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk."

27 Then the LORD said to Moses, "²⁶Write down these words, for in accordance * with these words I have made ²⁷a covenant with you and with Israel."

28 So he was there with the LORD ²⁸forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water. And ²⁹he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, ³⁰the Ten Commandments.

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Exodus 34:10-28 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 34

In this chapter Moses has orders to hew two tables of stone, that God might write on them the ten commands, and bring them up with him to the mount, Ex 34:1-4 where the Lord proclaimed his name, and caused his glory and his goodness to pass before him, Ex 34:5-7 when Moses took this favourable opportunity that offered to pray for the people, that God would forgive their sin, and go along with them, Ex 34:8,9 upon which he made a covenant with them, which on his part was to do wonders for them, and drive out the inhabitants of Canaan before them; and on their part, that they should have no confederacy and communion with these nations, and shun their idolatry, and everything that might lead unto it, Ex 34:10-17 and he repeated several laws before given, and urged the observance of them, which Moses was to acquaint the people with, Ex 34:18-27 and after a stay of forty days and forty nights on the mount, he came down with the two tables of the law; and the skin of his face shone so bright, that the people of Israel were afraid to come nigh him, and therefore he put a vail over his face while he conversed with them, Ex 34:28-35.

Taken from John Gill's Exposition of the Bible

Cross References 30

1. Exodus 34:27, 28; Deuteronomy 5:2
2. Deuteronomy 4:32; Psalms 72:18; Psalms 136:4
3. Exodus 33:2
4. Exodus 23:32, 33
5. Exodus 23:24; Deuteronomy 12:3
6. Deuteronomy 16:21; Judges 6:25, 26; 2 Kings 18:4; 2 Chronicles 34:3
7. Exodus 20:3, 5; Deuteronomy 4:24
8. Exodus 22:20; Exodus 32:8
9. Numbers 25:1, 2; Deuteronomy 32:37, 38
10. Deuteronomy 7:3; Joshua 23:12, 13; 1 Kings 11:1-4
11. Exodus 20:4, 23; Leviticus 19:4; Deuteronomy 5:8
12. Exodus 12:17; Leviticus 23:6; Numbers 28:16
13. Exodus 12:15, 16
14. Exodus 12:2; Exodus 13:4
15. Exodus 13:2; Exodus 22:29
16. Exodus 13:13
17. Exodus 13:15; Numbers 3:45
18. Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:15; Deuteronomy 16:16
19. Exodus 20:9; Exodus 23:12; Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; Deuteronomy 5:13
20. Exodus 23:16; Numbers 28:26
21. Exodus 23:14-17
22. Exodus 33:2; Psalms 78:55
23. Exodus 23:18
24. Exodus 12:10
25. Exodus 23:19; Deuteronomy 26:2
26. Exodus 17:14; Exodus 24:4
27. Exodus 34:10
28. Exodus 24:18
29. Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:1
30. Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 10:4

Footnotes 17

[a]. Lit "He"
[b]. Lit "created"
[c]. Lit "in whose midst you are"
[d]. Lit "Observe for yourself"
[e]. I.e. wooden symbols of a female deity
[f]. Lit "and you eat"
[g]. Or "which"
[h]. Or "oxen"
[i]. Lit "first opening of"
[j]. Lit "They shall not"
[k]. Heb "YHWH," usually rendered LORD
[l]. Or "dispossess"
[m]. Lit "slaughter"
[n]. Lit "remain overnight"
[o]. Lit "for yourself"
[p]. Or "He," i.e. The LORD
[q]. Lit "Words"