Genesi 43

1 Or la carestia era grave nel paese;

2 e quand’ebbero finito di mangiare il grano che aveano portato dall’Egitto, il padre disse loro: "Tornate a comprarci un po’ di viveri".

3 E Giuda gli rispose, dicendo: "Quell’uomo ce lo dichiarò positivamente: Non vedrete la mia faccia, se il vostro fratello non sarà con voi.

4 Se tu mandi il nostro fratello con noi, noi scenderemo e ti compreremo dei viveri;

5 ma, se non lo mandi, non scenderemo; perché quell’uomo ci ha detto: Non vedrete la mia faccia, se il vostro fratello non sarà con voi".

6 E Israele disse: "Perché m’avete fatto questo torto di dire a quell’uomo che avevate ancora un fratello?"

7 Quelli risposero: "Quell’uomo c’interrogò partitamente intorno a noi e al nostro parentado, dicendo: Vostro padre vive egli ancora? Avete qualche altro fratello? E noi gli rispondemmo a tenore delle sue domande. Potevam noi mai sapere che ci avrebbe detto: Fate venire il vostro fratello?"

8 E Giuda disse a Israele suo padre: "Lascia venire il fanciullo con me, e ci leveremo e andremo; e noi vivremo e non morremo: né noi, né tu, né i nostri piccini.

9 Io mi rendo garante di lui; ridomandane conto alla mia mano; se non te lo riconduco e non te io rimetto davanti, io sarò per sempre colpevole verso di te.

10 Se non ci fossimo indugiati, a quest’ora saremmo già tornati due volte".

11 Allora Israele, loro padre, disse loro: "Se così è fate questo: Prendete ne’ vostri sacchi delle cose più squisite di questo paese, e portate a quell’uomo un dono: un po’ di balsamo, un po’ di miele, degli aromi e della mirra, de’ pistacchi e delle mandorle;

12 e pigliate con voi il doppio del danaro, e riportate il danaro che fu rimesso alla bocca de’ vostri sacchi; forse fu un errore;

13 prendete anche il vostro fratello, e levatevi, tornate da quell’uomo;

14 e l’Iddio onnipotente vi faccia trovar grazia dinanzi a quell’uomo, sì ch’egli vi rilasci l’altro vostro fratello e Beniamino. E se debbo esser privato de’ miei figliuoli, ch’io lo sia!"

15 Quelli presero dunque il dono, presero seco il doppio del danaro, e Beniamino; e, levatisi, scesero in Egitto, e si presentarono dinanzi a Giuseppe.

16 E come Giuseppe vide Beniamino con loro, disse al suo maestro di casa: "Conduci questi uomini in casa; macella, e prepara tutto; perché questi uomini mangeranno con me a mezzogiorno".

17 E l’uomo fece come Giuseppe aveva ordinato, e li menò in casa di Giuseppe.

18 E quelli ebbero paura, perché eran menati in casa di Giuseppe, e dissero: "Siamo menati qui a motivo di quel danaro che ci fu rimesso nei sacchi la prima volta; ei vuol darci addosso, precipitarsi su noi e prenderci come schiavi, coi nostri asini".

19 E accostatisi al maestro di casa di Giuseppe, gli parlarono sulla porta della casa, e dissero:

20 "Scusa, signor mio! noi scendemmo già una prima volta a comprar dei viveri;

21 e avvenne che, quando fummo giunti al luogo dove pernottammo, aprimmo i sacchi, ed ecco il danaro di ciascun di noi era alla bocca del suo sacco: il nostro danaro del peso esatto; e noi l’abbiam riportato con noi.

22 E abbiam portato con noi dell’altro danaro per comprar de’ viveri; noi non sappiamo chi avesse messo il nostro danaro nei nostri sacchi".

23 Ed egli disse: "Datevi pace, non temete; l’Iddio vostro e l’Iddio del vostro padre ha messo un tesoro nei vostri sacchi. Io ebbi il vostro danaro". E, fatto uscire Simeone, lo condusse loro.

24 Quell’uomo li fece entrare in casa di Giuseppe; dette loro dell’acqua, ed essi si lavarono i piedi; ed egli dette del foraggio ai loro asini.

25 Ed essi prepararono il regalo, aspettando che Giuseppe venisse a mezzogiorno; perché aveano inteso che rimarrebbero quivi a mangiare.

26 E quando Giuseppe venne a casa, quelli gli porsero il dono che aveano portato seco nella casa, e s’inchinarono fino a terra davanti a lui.

27 Egli domandò loro come stessero, e disse: "Vostro padre, il vecchio di cui mi parlaste, sta egli bene? Vive egli ancora?"

28 E quelli risposero: "Il padre nostro, tuo servo, sta bene; vive ancora". E s’inchinarono, e gli fecero riverenza.

29 Poi Giuseppe alzò gli occhi, vide Beniamino suo fratello, figliuolo della madre sua, e disse: "E’ questo il vostro fratello più giovine di cui mi parlaste?" Poi disse a lui: "Iddio ti sia propizio, figliuol mio!"

30 E Giuseppe s’affrettò ad uscire, perché le sue viscere s’eran commosse per il suo fratello; e cercava un luogo dove piangere; entrò nella sua camera, e quivi pianse.

31 Poi si lavò la faccia, ed uscì; si fece forza, e disse: "Portate il pranzo".

32 Fu dunque portato il cibo per lui a parte, e per loro a parte, e per gli Egiziani che mangiavan con loro, a parte; perché gli Egiziani non possono mangiare con gli Ebrei; per gli Egiziani è cosa abominevole.

33 Ed essi si misero a sedere dinanzi a lui: il primogenito, secondo il suo diritto di primogenitura, e il più giovine secondo la sua età; e si guardavano l’un l’altro con maraviglia.

34 E Giuseppe fe’ loro portare delle vivande che aveva dinanzi; ma la porzione di Beniamino era cinque volte maggiore di quella d’ogni altro di loro. E bevvero, e stettero allegri con lui.

Genesi 43 Commentary

Chapter 43

Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1-14) Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15-25) Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26-34)

Verses 1-14 Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, &c. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, &c. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.

Verses 15-25 Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.

Verses 26-34 Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 43

This chapter informs us how that the famine continued in the land of Canaan, and the corn that Jacob's family had from Egypt being consumed, Jacob pressed his sons to go down for more, which they refused to do, unless Benjamin was sent with them, for whose safety Judah offered to become a surety, Ge 43:1-10; Jacob with reluctance was prevailed upon to let him go, and dismissed them with a present to the governor of Egypt, and with double money to buy corn with, and with his blessing upon them, Ge 43:11-14; upon which they set out for Egypt; and when they came into the presence of Joseph, he seeing Benjamin with them, ordered his steward to have them to his house, and get dinner ready, it being his pleasure that they should dine with him that day, Ge 43:15-17; this threw them into a fright, supposing they were going to be called to an account for the money they found in their sacks; wherefore they related to the steward very particularly the whole of that affair, who bid them not be uneasy, for he had had their money; and as a proof that things would go well with them, brought Simeon out to them, and treated them very kindly and gently, Ge 43:18-24; and having got their present ready against Joseph came home, they delivered it to him with great veneration and submission; who asked of the welfare of their father, and whether that was not their younger brother they spoke of, the sight of whom so affected him, that he was obliged in haste to retire to his chamber, and weep, Ge 43:25-30; and having washed his face, and composed himself, he returned and ordered dinner to be brought, which was set on different tables, one for himself and the Egyptians, and the other for his brethren, whom he placed according to their age, to their great surprise; and sent them messes from his table to each, and to Benjamin five times more than the rest, and they were so liberally entertained, that they became cheerful and merry, Ge 43:31-34.