Isaia 5

1 Io vo’ cantare per il mio benamato il cantico dell’amico mio circa la sua vigna. Il mio benamato aveva una vigna sopra una fertile collina.

2 La dissodò, ne tolse via le pietre, vi piantò delle viti di scelta, vi fabbricò in mezzo una torre, e vi scavò uno strettoio. Ei s’aspettava ch’essa gli facesse dell’uva, e gli ha fatto invece delle lambrusche.

3 Or dunque, o abitanti di Gerusalemme e voi uomini di Giuda, giudicate fra me e la mia vigna!

4 Che più si sarebbe potuto fare alla mia vigna di quello che io ho fatto per essa? Perché, mentr’io m’aspettavo che facesse dell’uva, ha essa fatto delle lambrusche?

5 Ebbene, ora io vi farò conoscere quel che sto per fare alla mia vigna: ne torrò via la siepe e vi pascoleranno le bestie; ne abbatterò il muro di cinta e sarà calpestata.

6 Ne farò un deserto; non sarà più né potata né zappata, vi cresceranno i rovi e le spine; e darò ordine alle nuvole che su lei non lascino cader pioggia.

7 Or la vigna dell’Eterno degli eserciti è la casa d’Israele, e gli uomini di Giuda son la piantagione ch’era la sua delizia; ei s’era aspettato rettitudine, ed ecco spargimento di sangue; giustizia, ed ecco grida d’angoscia!

8 Guai a quelli che aggiungon casa a casa, che uniscon campo a campo, finché non rimanga più spazio, e voi restiate soli ad abitare in mezzo al paese!

9 Questo m’ha detto all’orecchio l’Eterno degli eserciti: In verità queste case numerose saranno desolate, queste case grandi e belle saran private d’abitanti;

10 dieci iugeri di vigna non daranno che un bato, e un omer di seme non darà che un efa.

11 Guai a quelli che la mattina s’alzano di buon’ora per correr dietro alle bevande alcooliche, e fan tardi la sera, finché il vino l’infiammi!

12 La cetra, il saltèro, il tamburello, il flauto ed il vino, ecco i loro conviti! ma non pongon mente a quel che fa l’Eterno, e non considerano l’opera delle sue mani.

13 Perciò il mio popolo sen va in cattività per mancanza di conoscimento, la sua nobiltà muore di fame, e le sue folle sono inaridite dalla sete.

14 Perciò il soggiorno de’ morti s’è aperto bramoso, ed ha spalancata fuor di modo la gola; e laggiù scende lo splendore di Sion, la sua folla, il suo chiasso, e colui che in mezzo ad essa festeggia.

15 E l’uomo del volgo è umiliato, i grandi sono abbassati, e abbassati son gli sguardi alteri;

16 ma l’Eterno degli eserciti è esaltato mediante il giudizio e l’Iddio santo è santificato per la sua giustizia.

17 Gli agnelli pastureranno come nei loro pascoli, e gli stranieri divoreranno i campi deserti dei ricchi!

18 Guai a quelli che tiran l’iniquità con le corde del vizio, e il peccato con le corde d’un occhio,

19 e dicono: "Faccia presto, affretti l’opera sua, che noi la veggiamo! Venga e si eseguisca il disegno del Santo d’Israele, che noi lo conosciamo!"

20 Guai a quelli che chiaman bene il male, e male il bene, che mutan le tenebre in luce e la luce in tenebre, che mutan l’amaro in dolce e il dolce in amaro!

21 Guai a quelli che si reputano savi e si credono intelligenti!

22 Guai a quelli che son prodi nel bevere il vino, e valorosi nel mescolar le bevande alcooliche;

23 che assolvono il malvagio per un regalo, e privano il giusto del suo diritto!

24 Perciò, come una lingua di fuoco divora la stoppia e come la fiamma consuma l’erba secca, così la loro radice sarà come marciume, e il loro fiore sarà portato via come polvere, perché hanno rigettata la legge dell’Eterno degli eserciti, e hanno sprezzata la parola del Santo d’Israele.

25 Per questo avvampa l’ira dell’Eterno contro il suo popolo; ed egli stende contr’esso la sua mano, e lo colpisce; tremano i monti, e i cadaveri son come spazzatura in mezzo alle vie; e, con tutto ciò, l’ira sua non si calma, e la sua mano rimase distesa.

26 Egli alza un vessillo per le nazioni lontane; fischia ad un popolo, ch’è all’estremità della terra; ed eccolo che arriva, pronto, leggero.

27 In esso nessuno è stanco o vacilla, nessuno sonnecchia o dorme; a nessuno si scoglie la cintura de’ fianchi o si rompe il legaccio dei calzari.

28 Le sue frecce sono acute, tutti i suoi archi son tesi; gli zoccoli de’ suoi cavalli paiono pietre, le ruote de’ suoi carri, un turbine.

29 Il suo ruggito è come quello d’un leone; rugge come i leoncelli; rugge, afferra la preda, la porta via al sicuro, senza che alcuno gliela strappi.

30 In quel giorno, ei muggirà contro Giuda, come mugge il mare; e a guardare il paese, ecco tenebre, angoscia, e la luce che s’oscura nel suo cielo.

Isaia 5 Commentary

Chapter 5

The state and conduct of the Jewish nation. (1-7) The judgments which would come. (8-23) The executioners of these judgments. (24-30)

Verses 1-7 Christ is God's beloved Son, and our beloved Saviour. The care of the Lord over the church of Israel, is described by the management of a vineyard. The advantages of our situation will be brought into the account another day. He planted it with the choicest vines; gave them a most excellent law, instituted proper ordinances. The temple was a tower, where God gave tokens of his presence. He set up his altar, to which the sacrifices should be brought; all the means of grace are denoted thereby. God expects fruit from those that enjoy privileges. Good purposes and good beginnings are good things, but not enough; there must be vineyard fruit; thoughts and affections, words and actions, agreeable to the Spirit. It brought forth bad fruit. Wild grapes are the fruits of the corrupt nature. Where grace does not work, corruption will. But the wickedness of those that profess religion, and enjoy the means of grace, must be upon the sinners themselves. They shall no longer be a peculiar people. When errors and vice go without check or control, the vineyard is unpruned; then it will soon be grown over with thorns. This is often shown in the departure of God's Spirit from those who have long striven against him, and the removal of his gospel from places which have long been a reproach to it. The explanation is given. It is sad with a soul, when, instead of the grapes of humility, meekness, love, patience, and contempt of the world, for which God looks, there are the wild grapes of pride, passion, discontent, and malice, and contempt of God; instead of the grapes of praying and praising, the wild grapes of cursing and swearing. Let us bring forth fruit with patience, that in the end we may obtain everlasting life.

Verses 8-23 Here is a woe to those who set their hearts on the wealth of the world. Not that it is sinful for those who have a house and a field to purchase another; but the fault is, that they never know when they have enough. Covetousness is idolatry; and while many envy the prosperous, wretched man, the Lord denounces awful woes upon him. How applicable to many among us! God has many ways to empty the most populous cities. Those who set their hearts upon the world, will justly be disappointed. Here is woe to those who dote upon the pleasures and the delights of sense. The use of music is lawful; but when it draws away the heart from God, then it becomes a sin to us. God's judgments have seized them, but they will not disturb themselves in their pleasures. The judgments are declared. Let a man be ever so high, death will bring him low; ever so mean, death will bring him lower. The fruit of these judgments shall be, that God will be glorified as a God of power. Also, as a God that is holy; he shall be owned and declared to be so, in the righteous punishment of proud men. Those are in a woful condition who set up sin, and who exert themselves to gratify their base lusts. They are daring in sin, and walk after their own lusts; it is in scorn that they call God the Holy One of Israel. They confound and overthrow distinctions between good and evil. They prefer their own reasonings to Divine revelations; their own devices to the counsels and commands of God. They deem it prudent and politic to continue profitable sins, and to neglect self-denying duties. Also, how light soever men make of drunkenness, it is a sin which lays open to the wrath and curse of God. Their judges perverted justice. Every sin needs some other to conceal it.

Verses 24-30 Let not any expect to live easily who live wickedly. Sin weakens the strength, the root of a people; it defaces the beauty, the blossoms of a people. When God's word is despised, and his law cast away, what can men expect but that God should utterly abandon them? When God comes forth in wrath, the hills tremble, fear seizes even great men. When God designs the ruin of a provoking people, he can find instruments to be employed in it, as he sent for the Chaldeans, and afterwards the Romans, to destroy the Jews. Those who would not hear the voice of God speaking by his prophets, shall hear the voice of their enemies roaring against them. Let the distressed look which way they will, all appears dismal. If God frowns upon us, how can any creature smile? Let us diligently seek the well-grounded assurance, that when all earthly helps and comforts shall fail, God himself will be the strength of our hearts, and our portion for ever.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH 5

In this chapter, under the parable of a vineyard and its ruins, the Jews and their destruction are represented; the reasons of which are given, their manifold sins and transgressions, particularly enumerated, with the punishment threatened to them, and which is delivered in form of a song. The vineyard is described by the owner of it, a well beloved one; by the situation of it, in a fruitful hill; by the fence about it, and care and culture of it; and by its not answering the expectation of the owner, it bringing forth wild grapes instead of good ones, Isa 5:1,2 wherefore the men of Judah and Jerusalem are made judges between the owner and his vineyard, what more could have been done to it, or rather what was now to be done to it, since this was the case; and the result is, that it should be utterly laid waste, and come to ruin; and the whole is applied to the house of Israel, and men of Judah, Isa 5:3-7 whose sins, as the cause of their ruin, are mentioned in the following verses; their covetousness, with the punishment of it, Isa 5:8-10 their intemperance, luxury, and love of pleasure, with the punishment threatened thereunto, Isa 5:11-14 whereby haughty men should be humbled, the Lord be glorified, and at the same time his weak and innocent people would be taken care of, Isa 5:15-17 next, other sins are taken notice of, and woes pronounced on account of them, as, an impudent course of sinning, insolent impiety against God, confusion of good and evil, conceit of their own wisdom, drunkenness, and perversion of justice, Isa 5:18-23 wherefore for these things, and for their contempt and rejection of the law and word of the Lord, utter destruction is threatened them, Isa 5:24 yea, the anger of God had been already kindled against them, and they had felt it in some instances, Isa 5:25 but they are given to expect severer judgments, by means of foreign nations, that should be gathered against them; who are described by their swiftness, strength, and vigilance; by their armour, horses, and carriages; and by their terror and cruelty; the consequence of which would be utter darkness, distress, and calamities, in the land of Judea, Isa 5:26-30.