1 Samuel 14:1-23

Jonathan Leads the Counterattack

1 {One day} Jonathan the son of Saul said to {his armor bearer}, "Come and let us go over to the garrison of [the] Philistines which [is] over there." But he did not tell his father.
2 Now Saul [was] staying at the outskirts of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree that [was] in Migron, and the troops that [were] with him [were] about six hundred men.
3 Now Ahijah, the son of Ahitub (the brother of Ichabod), the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of Yahweh at Shiloh, was carrying an ephod. The troops did not know that Jonathan had gone.
4 Now between the passes where Jonathan sought to go over to the garrison of [the] Philistines [there was] a crag of rock {on one side} and a crag of rock {on the other}. The name of the one [was] Bozez and the name of the other [was] Seneh.
5 The one crag on the north [was] opposite Micmash and the other on the south [was] opposite Geba.
6 So Jonathan said to {his armor bearer}, "Come, let us go over to the garrisons of these uncircumcised; perhaps Yahweh will act for us, for there is no hindrance for Yahweh to save by many or by few."
7 And {his armor bearer} said, "Do all that [is] in your heart {that you are inclined to do}. {I am with you all of the way}!
8 Then Jonathan said, "Look, we [are about to] go over to the men; and we will show ourselves to them.
9 If they say to us: 'Wait until we reach you,' {then we will stand as we are} and not go up to them.
10 But if they say, 'Come up to us,' then we will go up, for Yahweh has given them into our hand, and this [will be] the sign for us."
11 So the two of them showed themselves to the garrison of [the] Philistines, and [the] Philistines said, "The Hebrews [are] coming out from the holes in which they have hidden themselves."
12 Then the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and {his armor bearer}, "Come up to us and we will show you something!" Then Jonathan said to {his armor bearer}, "Come up after me, for Yahweh has given them into the hand of Israel!"
13 So Jonathan went up on his hands and his feet, with {his armor bearer} after him. They fell before Jonathan and then {his armor bearer} would kill them after him.
14 So was the first attack [in] which Jonathan and {his armor bearer} killed about twenty men within about half of a furrow in an acre of [an] open field.
15 Then there was terror in the camp, in the open field, and among all the army of the garrison. Even the {raiders} trembled. The earth shook, and it became {a very great panic}.
16 And the lookouts of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin saw {that} the multitude {surged back and forth}.
17 Saul said to the troops that [were] with him, "Please call the roll and see who has gone from us." So they called the roll {and found that} Jonathan and {his armor bearer} were not [present].
18 Then Saul said to Ahijah, "Bring near the ark of God" (for the ark of God was {at that time} with the {Israelites}).
19 While Saul was still speaking to the priest, the tumult in the camp of [the] Philistines {increased more and more}, so Saul said to the priest, "Withdraw your hand!"
20 Then Saul and all the troops who were with him were assembled on command and came up to the battle, and look! Each [Philistine's] sword [was] against his friend; [and there was] a very great confusion.
21 The Hebrews who had been for [the] Philistines {previously}, who had gone up with them into the camp all around, even they {joined the Israelites} who were with Saul and Jonathan.
22 All the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hill country of Ephraim heard that [the] Philistines had fled, so even they pursued them closely in the battle.
23 So on that day Yahweh delivered Israel, and the battle shifted to Beth Aven.

1 Samuel 14:1-23 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 14

This chapter gives an account of an adventure of Jonathan and his armourbearer smiting a garrison of the Philistines, 1Sa 14:1-14, which with other circumstances struck terror into the whole army; which being observed by Saul's spies, he and his men went out against them, and being joined by others, pursued them, and obtained a complete victory, 1Sa 14:15-23, but what sullied the glory of the day was a rash oath of Saul's, adjuring the people not to eat any food till evening which Jonathan not hearing of ignorantly broke, 1Sa 14:24-31 and which long fasting made the people so ravenous, that they slew their cattle, and ate them with the blood, contrary to the law of God, for which they were reproved by Saul, 1Sa 14:32-34, upon which he built an altar, and inquired of the Lord whether he should pursue the Philistines all that night till morning, but had no answer; which made him conclude sin was committed, and which he inquired after, declaring that if it was his own son Jonathan that had committed it he should surely die, 1Sa 14:35-39, the people being silent, he cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonathan; who had it not been for the resolution of the people that rescued him out of his hands, because of the great salvation he had wrought, must have died, 1Sa 14:40-46 and the chapter is cited with an account of Saul's battles with the neighbouring nations in general, and of his family, 1Sa 14:47-52.

Footnotes 28

  • [a]. Literally "And it happened the day"
  • [b]. Literally "the young man carrying his weapons"
  • [c]. Literally "from the beyond from this"
  • [d]. Literally "from the beyond from this"
  • [e]. Literally "the young man carrying his weapons"
  • [f]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [g]. Literally "turn/incline for yourself"
  • [h]. Literally "Behold, I am with you according to your heart"
  • [i]. Literally "and we will stand under us"
  • [j]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [k]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [l]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [m]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [n]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [o]. Or "panic"
  • [p]. Literally "destroyers"
  • [q]. Literally "like the panic/terror of God"; some interpreters understand this to be a panic caused by God, while others understand the expression merely as a superlative ("a very great panic")
  • [r]. Literally "and look"
  • [s]. Literally "waved, going here and there"
  • [t]. Literally "and look"
  • [u]. Literally "[the one] carrying his weapons"
  • [v]. LXX reads "bring near the ephod"
  • [w]. Literally "on that day"
  • [x]. Literally "sons/children of Israel"
  • [y]. Hebrew "And"
  • [z]. Literally "and it went, going and increasing"
  • [aa]. Literally "as yesterday three days ago"
  • [ab]. Literally "were with Israel"
Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.