11
For all people, even their torturers, marveled at their courage and endurance, and they became the cause of the downfall of tyranny over their nation. By their endurance they conquered the tyrant, and thus their native land was purified through them.
12
I shall shortly have an opportunity to speak of this; but, as my custom is, I shall begin by stating my main principle, and then I shall turn to their story, giving glory to the all-wise God.
13
Our inquiry, accordingly, is whether reason is sovereign over the emotions.
14
We shall decide just what reason is and what emotion is, how many kinds of emotions there are, and whether reason rules over all these.
15
Now reason is the mind that with sound logic prefers the life of wisdom.
16
Wisdom, next, is the knowledge of divine and human matters and the causes of these.
17
This, in turn, is education in the law, by which we learn divine matters reverently and human affairs to our advantage.
18
Now the kinds of wisdom are rational judgment, justice, courage, and self-control.
19
Rational judgment is supreme over all of these, since by means of it reason rules over the emotions.
20
The two most comprehensive types of the emotions are pleasure and pain; and each of these is by nature concerned with both body and soul.
21
The emotions of both pleasure and pain have many consequences.