Esther 1:8-18

8 En het drinken geschiedde naar de wet, dat niemand dwong; want alzo had de koning vastelijk bevolen aan alle groten zijns huizes, dat zij doen zouden naar den wil van een iegelijk.
9 De koningin Vasthi maakte ook een maaltijd voor de vrouwen in het koninklijk huis, hetwelk de koning Ahasveros had.
10 Op den zevenden dag, toen des konings hart vrolijk was van den wijn, zeide hij tot Mehuman, Biztha, Charbona, Bigtha en Abagtha, Zethar en Charchas, de zeven kamerlingen, dienende voor het aangezicht van den koning Ahasveros,
11 Dat zij Vasthi, de koningin, zouden brengen voor het aangezicht des konings, met de koninklijke kroon, om den volken en den vorsten haar schoonheid te tonen; want zij was schoon van aangezicht.
12 Doch de koningin Vasthi weigerde te komen op het woord des konings, hetwelk door den dienst der kamerlingen haar aangezegd was. Toen werd de koning zeer verbolgen, en zijn grimmigheid ontstak in hem.
13 Toen zeide de koning tot de wijzen, die de tijden verstonden (want alzo moest des konings zaak geschieden, in de tegenwoordigheid van al degenen, die de wet en het recht wisten;
14 De naasten nu bij hem waren Carsena, Sethar, Admatha, Tharsis, Meres, Marsena, Memuchan, zeven vorsten der Perzen en der Meden, die het aangezicht des konings zagen, die vooraan zaten in het koninkrijk),
15 Wat men naar de wet met de koningin Vasthi doen zou, omdat zij niet gedaan had het woord van den koning Ahasveros, door den dienst der kamerlingen?
16 Toen zeide Memuchan voor het aangezicht des konings en der vorsten: De koningin Vasthi heeft niet alleen tegen den koning misdaan, maar ook tegen al de vorsten, en tegen al de volken, die in al de landschappen van den koning Ahasveros zijn.
17 Want deze daad der koningin zal uitkomen tot alle vrouwen, zodat zij haar mannen verachten zullen in haar ogen, als men zeggen zal: De koning Ahasveros zeide, dat men de koningin Vasthi voor zijn aangezicht brengen zou; maar zij kwam niet.
18 Te dezen zelfden dage zullen de vorstinnen van Perzie en Medie ook alzo zeggen tot al de vorsten des konings, als zij deze daad der koningin zullen horen, en er zal verachtens en toorns genoeg wezen.

Esther 1:8-18 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF ESTHER

This book has its name from the person who is the principal subject of it; it is by Clemens of Alexandria {a} called the Book of Mordecai also; it is commonly called, in the Hebrew copies, "Megillah Esther", the Volume of Esther; and sometimes in the Jewish writings only "Megillah", by way of eminency, "the Volume". It was written, according to the Talmudists {b}, by the men of the great synagogue, composed by Ezra; and some think it was written by Ezra himself {c}; but Aben Ezra is of opinion it was written by Mordecai, since he was concerned in, and had perfect knowledge of, all things related in it; which is rejected by Spinosa {d}, who conceits that this, and the books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, were written by one and the same historian long after the times of Judas Maccabaeus: as to the canonical authority of it, it has been generally received by Jews and Christians; our wise men, says Maimonides {e}, openly and plainly affirm of the book of Esther, that it was dictated by the Holy Spirit; so Aben Ezra on Es 6:6, and he himself {f} affirms, that

``all the books of the prophets, and all the Hagiographa (or holy writings), shall cease in the days of the Messiah, except the volume of Esther; and, lo, that shall be as stable as the Pentateuch, and as the constitutions of the oral law, which shall never cease.''

Though the versions of other books of Scripture might not be read in the synagogues, versions of this book might to those who did not understand Hebrew {g}; and so Luther {h} says, the Jews more esteem the book of Esther than any of the prophets. Whence Mr. Baxter {i} had that notion, I can not devise, that the Jews used to cast to the ground the book of Esther before they read it, because the name of God was not in it: nor is that any objection to its authenticity, since the hand and providence of God may be most clearly seen in it; in raising Esther to such grandeur, and that for the deliverance of the people of the Jews, and in counter working and bringing to nought the plots of their enemies, and in saving them: nor that it is not quoted in the New Testament; it is sufficient there is no disagreement between them, yea, an entire agreement, particularly in the account of the captivity of Jeconiah, which is expressed almost in the same words in Es 2:6 as in Mt 1:11,12. It stands in Origen's catalogue {k} of the books of the Old Testament; nor is it any material objection that it appears not in the catalogue of Melito {l}, since in that list is comprehended under Ezra not Nehemiah only, but Esther also, which Jerom {m} mentions along with it. This book is not only of use to the Jews, as it shows the original and foundation of a feast of theirs, still kept up by them, the feast of Purim, and makes for the glory of their nation, and therefore it is no wonder it should be so highly esteemed by them; but serves to show the singular providence of God in taking care of his people in adversity, in humbling the proud, and exalting the lowly, and saving those that pray to him, and trust in him; it furnishes out various instructions in the conduct of the several persons herein mentioned; it is a history but of ten or eleven years at most, from the third of Ahasuerus, to the twelfth of his reign, Es 1:3, 3:7.

{a} Stromat. l. 1. p. 329. {b} T. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {c} August. de Civ. Dei, l. 18. c. 36. Isidor. Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {d} Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 189 {e} Moreh Nevochim, par. 2. c. 45. {f} Hilchot Megillah, c. 2. sect. 18. {g} Misn. Megillah, c. 2. sect. 1. T. Bab. Megillah, fol. 18. 1. {h} Mensal. Colloqu. c. 31. p. 358. {i} The Saints Everlasting Rest, part 4. c. 3. sect. 1. {k} Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. {l} Apud ib. l. 4. c. 26. {m} Ad Domnion. & Rogat. tom. 3. fol. 7. F.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER 1\\

This chapter relates, how that Ahasuerus, a great king of Persia, made a feast, first for the grandees of his kingdom, and then for his people, as his queen did for the women, Es 1:1-9, who being sent for by him, and she refusing to come, was, by the advice of one of his counsellors, divorced from him, and an order made and published throughout his dominions, that every man should bear rule in his own house, Es 1:10-22.

The Dutch Staten Vertaling translation is in the public domain.