Zaccaria 1:4-14

4 Non siate come i vostri padri, a’ quali i profeti dei tempi passati gridavano, dicendo: Così ha detto il Signor degli eserciti: Deh! convertitevi dalle vostre vie malvage, e dalle vostre malvage opere; ma essi non mi ubbidirono, e non mi porsero le orecchie, dice il Signore.

5 I vostri padri dove son eglino? e que’ profeti potevano essi vivere in perpetuo?

6 Le mie parole, e i miei statuti, de’ quali io avea data commissione a’ profeti, miei servitori, non aggiunsero esse pure i padri vostri? laonde essi si son convertiti, ed han detto: Come il Signore degli eserciti avea pensato di farci, secondo le nostre vie, e secondo le nostre opere, così ha egli operato inverso noi.

7 NEL ventesimoquarto giorno dell’undecimo mese, che è il mese di Sebat, nell’anno secondo di Dario, la parola del Signore fu indirizzata al profeta Zaccaria, figliuolo di Berechia, figliuolo di Iddo, dicendo:

8 Io ho avuta di notte una visione, ed ecco un uomo, montato sopra un cavallo sauro, il quale se ne stava fra delle mortine, ch’erano in un luogo basso; e dietro a lui vi erano de’ cavalli sauri, e de’ vaiolati, e de’ bianchi.

9 Ed io dissi: Che voglion dire queste cose, Signor mio? E l’Angelo che parlava meco, mi disse: Io ti mostrerò che vogliono dir queste cose.

10 E l’uomo, che stava fra le mortine, rispose, e disse: Costoro son quelli che il Signore ha mandati, per andare attorno per la terra.

11 E quelli fecero motto all’Angelo del Signore, che stava fra le mortine, e dissero: Noi siamo andati attorno per la terra; ed ecco, tutta la terra si riposa, e gode di quiete.

12 E l’Angelo del Signore si fece a dire: O Signor degli eserciti, infino a quando non avrai tu pietà di Gerusalemme, e delle città di Giuda, contro alle quali tu sei stato gravemente adirato, lo spazio di questi settant’anni?

13 E il Signore rispose all’Angelo, che parlava meco, buone parole, parole di consolazione.

14 E l’Angelo, che parlava meco, mi disse: Grida, dicendo: Così ha detto il Signor degli eserciti: Io sono ingelosito di gran gelosia per Gerusalemme, e per Sion.

Zaccaria 1:4-14 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO ZECHARIAH

This book is in the Hebrew copies called "the Book of Zechariah"; in the Vulgate Latin version, "the Prophecy of Zechariah"; and, in the Syriac and Arabic versions, the Prophecy of the Prophet Zechariah. His name, according to Jerom, signifies "the memory of the Lord": but, according to Hillerus {a}, "the Lord remembers": either us, or his covenant; his promises of grace, and concerning the Messiah, of which there are many in this book. The writer of this prophecy could not be, as some have imagined, Zacharias the father of John the Baptist; since there must be some hundreds of years difference between them; nor the Zacharias, the son of Barachias, slain between the temple and the altar, our Lord speaks of in Mt 23:35 for though their names agree, yet it does not appear that this prophet was slain by the Jews; indeed the Jewish Targumist, on La 2:20, speaks of a Zechariah, the son of Iddo, a high priest, slain in the temple; but it could not be this Zechariah, since he was no high priest; Joshua was high priest in his time; nor could he be slain in such a place, seeing the temple and altar were not yet built; nor was this prophet Zechariah the son of Jehoiada, slain in the court of the Lord's house, 2Ch 24:20,21 for, as their names do not agree, so neither their office, he being a high priest, this a prophet; nor the times in which they lived, Zechariah the son of Jehoiada lived in the times of Joash king of Judah, two or three hundred years before this; but this was one of the captivity of Babylon, and who came up from thence with Zerubbabel, Ne 12:16 and was contemporary with the Prophet Haggai; so that the time of his prophecy was after the Babylonish captivity, and was delivered to the Jews that were returned from thence; and the design of it is to stir them up to build the temple, and restore the pure worship of God; and to encourage their faith and hope in the expectation of the Messiah; for the book consists of various visions and prophecies relating to him, and to the times of the Gospel; and the visions are, as some Jewish writers {b} observe, very obscure, and like the visions of Daniel, and difficult of interpretation. There are several passages cited out of this book in the New Testament, as

Zec 8:16 in Eph 4:25 Zec 9:9 in Mt 21:5, Joh 12:14,15 Zec 11:12,13 in Mt 27:9 Zec 12:10 in Joh 19:37, Re 1:7 Zec 13:7 in Mt 26:31, Mr 14:27

which abundantly confirm the authenticity of it. This prophet seems to have lived and died in Jerusalem; and, according to Pseudo-Epiphanius {c}, was buried near Haggai the prophet; and with which agree the Cippi Hebraici {d}, which inform us that Haggai was buried in a cave in the downward slope of the mount of Olives; and at the bottom of that mount was a large statue called the hand of Absalom, near to which was the grave of Zechariah the prophet, in a cave shut up, and over it a beautiful monument of one stone: and Monsieur Thevenot {e} tells us, that now is shown, near the sepulchres of Absalom and Jehoshaphat, on the descent of the mount of Olives, the sepulchre of the Prophet Zacharias.---It is cut in a diamond point upon the rock, with many pillars about it. Sozomen {f} the historian, indeed, makes mention of Caphar Zechariah, a village on the borders of Eleutheropolis, a city in Palestine, where it is pretended the body of this prophet was found in the times of Theodosius, to which no credit is to be given; nor is there any dependence to be had on the former accounts.

{a} Onomastic. Sacr. p. 508, 957, 958. {b} Aben Ezra & Jarchi in loc. & R. Abendana in Miclol Yophi in loc. & Kimchi in ver. 8. {c} De Prophet. Vita & Interitu, c. 21. {d} P. 29. Ed. Hottinger. {e} Travels, par. 1. B. 2. ch. 37. p. 184. {f} Hist. Eccles. l. 9. c. 17.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ZECHARIAH 1\\

In this chapter, after the account of the prophet, and the time of the prophecy by him, are an exhortation of the people of the Jews to repentance; the vision of a rider upon a red horse, and the intercession of the angel of the Lord for Jerusalem; and another vision of the enemies of the Jews, and of their deliverers. In Zec 1:1 is the general inscription of the book; in which an account is given of the time of its writing, and of the writer of it: then follows the exhortation to repentance, enforced from the wrath of God, which came upon their fathers for not hearkening to the Lord, and turning from their evil ways; and from the advantage that would be received thereby, the Lord would return to them; and from the certain accomplishment of the divine word; for, though both their fathers and prophets died, the word of the Lord had its sure effect, Zec 1:2-6 and next the vision of the rider on the red horse is presented; the year, month, day, and night, in which it was seen, are mentioned, Zec 1:7 and the rider is described by his form, a man; by the horse he rode upon, a red one; by the place he stood in among the myrtle trees in the bottom; and by his attendants behind, red horses, speckled and white, Zec 1:8. The interpretation of which last is given to the prophet by the angel, by the man among the myrtle trees, and by the answer of them to the angel of the Lord themselves, Zec 1:9-11. After which the angel is represented as making intercession for Jerusalem, who is answered by good and comfortable words, Zec 1:12,13 upon which the prophet is bid to publish the jealousy of the Lord for Jerusalem; his displeasure at the heathens for afflicting them; his promise to return to the Jews, that the temple and city of Jerusalem should be rebuilt, and other cities of Judea, which should enjoy great prosperity, Zec 1:14-17 and the chapter is concluded with a vision of four horns, signifying the enemies of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem; and of four carpenters that should destroy them, Zec 1:18-21.