Acts 10

Cornelius' Vision

1 There was a man in Caesarea named Cornelius, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment.
2 He was a devout man and feared God along with his whole household. He did many charitable deeds for the [Jewish] people and always prayed to God.
3 At about three in the afternoon[a] he distinctly saw in a vision an angel of God who came in and said to him, "Cornelius!"
4 Looking intently at him, he became afraid and said, "What is it, Lord?" And he told him, "Your prayers and your acts of charity have come up as a memorial offering before God.
5 Now send men to Joppa and call for Simon, who is also named Peter.
6 He is lodging with Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea."
7 When the angel who spoke to him had gone, he called two of his household slaves and a devout soldier, who was one of those who attended him.
8 After explaining everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

Peter's Vision

9 The next day, as they were traveling and nearing the city, Peter went up to pray on the housetop at about noon.[b]
10 Then he became hungry and wanted to eat, but while they were preparing something he went into a visionary state.
11 He saw heaven opened and an object coming down that resembled a large sheet being lowered to the earth by its four corners.
12 In it were all the four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth, and the birds of the sky.
13 Then a voice said to him, "Get up, Peter; kill and eat!"
14 "No, Lord!" Peter said. "For I have never eaten anything common[c] and unclean!"
15 Again, a second time, a voice said to him, "What God has made clean, you must not call common."
16 This happened three times, and then the object was taken up into heaven.

Peter Visits Cornelius

17 While Peter was deeply perplexed about what the vision he had seen might mean, the men who had been sent by Cornelius, having asked directions to Simon's house, stood at the gate.
18 They called out, asking if Simon, who was also named Peter, was lodging there.
19 While Peter was thinking about the vision, the Spirit told him, "Three men are here looking for you.
20 Get up, go downstairs, and accompany them with no doubts at all, because I have sent them."
21 Then Peter went down to the men and said, "Here I am, the one you're looking for. What is the reason you're here?"
22 They said, "Cornelius, a centurion, an upright and God-fearing man, who has a good reputation with the whole Jewish nation, was divinely directed by a holy angel to call you to his house and to hear a message from you."
23 Peter[d] then invited them in and gave them lodging. The next day he got up and set out with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa went with him.
24 The following day he entered Caesarea. Now Cornelius was expecting them and had called together his relatives and close friends.
25 When Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell at his feet, and worshiped him.
26 But Peter helped him up and said, "Stand up! I myself am also a man."
27 While talking with him, he went on in and found that many had come together there.
28 Peter[e] said to them, "You know it's forbidden for a Jewish man to associate with or visit a foreigner. But God has shown me that I must not call any person common or unclean.
29 That's why I came without any objection when I was sent for. So I ask, 'Why did you send for me?' "
30 Cornelius replied, "Four days ago at this hour, at three in the afternoon,[f] I was[g] praying in my house. Just then a man in a dazzling robe stood before me
31 and said, 'Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your acts of charity have been remembered in God's sight.
32 Therefore send someone to Joppa and invite Simon here, who is also named Peter. He is lodging in Simon the tanner's house by the sea.'[h]
33 Therefore I immediately sent for you, and you did the right thing in coming. So we are all present before God, to hear everything you have been commanded by the Lord."

Good News for Gentiles

34 Then Peter began to speak: "In truth, I understand that God doesn't show favoritism,
35 but in every nation the person who fears Him and does righteousness is acceptable to Him.
36 He sent the message to the sons of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ-He is Lord of all.
37 You know the events[i] that took place throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John preached:
38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how He went about doing good and curing all who were under the tyranny of the Devil, because God was with Him.
39 We ourselves are witnesses of everything He did in both the Judean country and in Jerusalem; yet they killed Him by hanging Him on a tree.
40 God raised up this man on the third day and permitted Him to be seen,
41 not by all the people, but by us, witnesses appointed beforehand by God, who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead.
42 He commanded us to preach to the people, and to solemnly testify that He is the One appointed by God to be the Judge of the living and the dead.
43 All the prophets testify about Him that through His name everyone who believes in Him will receive forgiveness of sins."

Gentile Conversion and Baptism

44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit came down on all those who heard the message.
45 The circumcised believers[j] who had come with Peter were astounded, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also.
46 For they heard them speaking in [other] languages and declaring the greatness of[k] God. Then Peter responded,
47 "Can anyone withhold water and prevent these from being baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?"
48 And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for a few days.

Acts 10 Commentary

Chapter 10

Cornelius directed to send for Peter. (1-8) Peter's vision. (9-18) He goes to Cornelius. (19-33) His discourse to Cornelius. (34-43) The gifts of the Holy Spirit poured out. (44-48)

Verses 1-8 Hitherto none had been baptized into the Christian church but Jews, Samaritans, and those converts who had been circumcised and observed the ceremonial law; but now the Gentiles were to be called to partake all the privileges of God's people, without first becoming Jews. Pure and undefiled religion is sometimes found where we least expect it. Wherever the fear of God rules in the heart, it will appear both in works of charity and of piety, neither will excuse from the other. Doubtless Cornelius had true faith in God's word, as far as he understood it, though not as yet clear faith in Christ. This was the work of the Spirit of God, through the mediation of Jesus, even before Cornelius knew him, as is the case with us all when we, who before were dead in sin, are made alive. Through Christ also his prayers and alms were accepted, which otherwise would have been rejected. Without dispute or delay Cornelius was obedient to the heavenly vision. In the affairs of our souls, let us not lose time.

Verses 9-18 The prejudices of Peter against the Gentiles, would have prevented his going to Cornelius, unless the Lord had prepared him for this service. To tell a Jew that God had directed those animals to be reckoned clean which were hitherto deemed unclean, was in effect saying, that the law of Moses was done away. Peter was soon made to know the meaning of it. God knows what services are before us, and how to prepare us; and we know the meaning of what he has taught us, when we find what occasion we have to make use of it.

Verses 19-33 When we see our call clear to any service, we should not be perplexed with doubts and scruples arising from prejudices or former ideas. Cornelius had called together his friends, to partake with him of the heavenly wisdom he expected from Peter. We should not covet to eat our spiritual morsels alone. It ought to be both given and taken as kindness and respect to our kindred and friends, to invite them to join us in religious exercises. Cornelius declared the direction God gave him to send for Peter. We are right in our aims in attending a gospel ministry, when we do it with regard to the Divine appointment requiring us to make use of that ordinance. How seldom ministers are called to speak to such companies, however small, in which it may be said that they are all present in the sight of God, to hear all things that are commanded of God! But these were ready to hear what Peter was commanded of God to say.

Verses 34-43 Acceptance cannot be obtained on any other ground than that of the covenant of mercy, through the atonement of Christ; but wherever true religion is found, God will accept it without regarding names or sects. The fear of God and works of righteousness are the substance of true religion, the effects of special grace. Though these are not the cause of a man's acceptance, yet they show it; and whatever may be wanting in knowledge or faith, will in due time be given by Him who has begun it. They knew in general the word, that is, the gospel, which God sent to the children of Israel. The purport of this word was, that God by it published the good tidings of peace by Jesus Christ. They knew the several matters of fact relating to the gospel. They knew the baptism of repentance which John preached. Let them know that this Jesus Christ, by whom peace is made between God and man, is Lord of all; not only as over all, God blessed for evermore, but as Mediator. All power, both in heaven and in earth, is put into his hand, and all judgment committed to him. God will go with those whom he anoints; he will be with those to whom he has given his Spirit. Peter then declares Christ's resurrection from the dead, and the proofs of it. Faith has reference to a testimony, and the Christian faith is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, on the testimony given by them. See what must be believed concerning him. That we are all accountable to Christ as our Judge; so every one must seek his favour, and to have him as our Friend. And if we believe in him, we shall all be justified by him as our Righteousness. The remission of sins lays a foundation for all other favours and blessings, by taking that out of the way which hinders the bestowing of them. If sin be pardoned, all is well, and shall end well for ever.

Verses 44-48 The Holy Ghost fell upon others after they were baptized, to confirm them in the faith; but upon these Gentiles before they were baptized, to show that God does not confine himself to outward signs. The Holy Ghost fell upon those who were neither circumcised nor baptized; it is the Spirit that quickeneth, the flesh profiteth nothing. They magnified God, and spake of Christ and the benefits of redemption. Whatever gift we are endued with, we ought to honour God with it. The believing Jews who were present, were astonished that the gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out upon the Gentiles also. By mistaken notions of things, we make difficult for ourselves as to the methods of Divine providence and grace. As they were undeniably baptized with the Holy Ghost, Peter concluded they were not to be refused the baptism of water, and the ordinance was administered. The argument is conclusive; can we deny the sign to those who have received the things signified? Those who have some acquaintance with Christ, cannot but desire more. Even those who have received the Holy Ghost, must see their need of daily learning more of the truth.

Footnotes 11

  • [a]. Lit about the ninth hour
  • [b]. Lit about the sixth hour
  • [c]. Perhaps profane, or non-sacred; Jews ate distinctive food according to OT law and their traditions, similar to modern kosher or non-kosher foods.
  • [d]. Lit He
  • [e]. Lit He
  • [f]. Lit at the ninth hour
  • [g]. Other mss add fasting and
  • [h]. Other mss add When he arrives, he will speak to you.
  • [i]. Lit thing, or word
  • [j]. Jewish Christians who stressed circumcision; Ac 11:2; 15:5; Gl 2:12; Col 4:11; Ti 1:10
  • [k]. Or and magnifying

Acts 10 Commentaries

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