Leviticus 2

Laws for Grain Offerings

1 " 'When a person brings a grain offering to Yahweh, his offering must be finely milled flour, and he must pour out oil on it and place frankincense on it.
2 And he shall bring it to the sons of Aaron, the priests, and he shall take {his handful from its finely milled flour} and from its oil in addition to all its frankincense. The priest shall turn its token portion into smoke on the altar [as] an offering made [by] fire, [as] an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh.
3 The remainder of the grain [offering] {belongs to} Aaron and to his sons--{it is a most holy thing} from the offerings made by fire for Yahweh.
4 " 'But if you bring a grain offering of something oven-baked, [it must be of] finely milled flour [as] ring-shaped unleavened bread [mixed] with oil or wafers of unleavened bread smeared with oil.
5 If your offering [is] a [grain] offering [baked] on a flat baking pan, it must be finely milled flour, unleavened bread mixed with oil;
6 break it into pieces and pour out oil on it; it [is] a grain [offering].
7 " 'If your offering [is] a grain [offering] [prepared in] a cooking pan, it must be [with] finely milled flour in oil.
8 And you shall bring the grain [offering] that is made from these things to Yahweh, and [the offerer] shall bring it to the priest, and he shall bring it to the altar.
9 And the priest shall take away from the grain [offering] its token portion, and he shall turn [it] into smoke on the altar [as] an offering made [by] fire, [as] an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh.
10 And the remainder of the grain [offering] {belongs to} Aaron and to his sons--{it is a most holy thing} from the offerings made by fire for Yahweh.
11 " 'Every grain [offering] you bring to Yahweh must not be made of yeasted food, because you must not turn into smoke any yeast or any honey from an offering made by fire for Yahweh.
12 [As] an offering of [the] choicest portion, you may bring them to Yahweh, but they must not be offered on the altar [as] an appeasing fragrance.
13 Also all of your grain offerings you must season with salt; you must not omit the salt of your God's covenant from your offering.
14 " 'And if you bring to Yahweh a grain [offering] of firstfruits, you must bring an ear of new grain roasted by fire, coarsely crushed ripe grain, [as] the grain [offering] of your firstfruits.
15 And you shall put oil on it and place frankincense on it; it [is] a grain [offering].
16 The priest shall turn into smoke its token portion from its coarsely crushed grain together with all of its frankincense--[it is] an offering made by fire for Yahweh.'"

Leviticus 2 Commentary

Chapter 2

The meat-offering of flour. (1-11) The offering of first-fruits. (12-16)

Verses 1-11 Meat-offerings may typify Christ, as presented to God for us, and as being the Bread of life to our souls; but they rather seem to denote our obligation to God for the blessings of providence, and those good works which are acceptable to God. The term "meat" was, and still is, properly given to any kind of provision, and the greater part of this offering was to be eaten for food, not burned. These meat-offerings are mentioned after the burnt-offerings: without an interest in the sacrifice of Christ, and devotedness of heart to God, such services cannot be accepted. Leaven is the emblem of pride, malice, and hypocrisy, and honey of sensual pleasure. The former are directly opposed to the graces of humility, love, and sincerity, which God approves; the latter takes men from the exercises of devotion, and the practice of good works. Christ, in his character and sacrifice, was wholly free from the things denoted by leaven; and his suffering life and agonizing death were the very opposites to worldly pleasure. His people are called to follow, and to be like him.

Verses 12-16 Salt is required in all the offerings. God hereby intimates to them that their sacrifices, in themselves, were unsavoury. All religious services must be seasoned with grace. Christianity is the salt of the earth. Directions are given about offering their first-fruits at harvest. If a man, with a thankful sense of God's goodness in giving him a plentiful crop, was disposed to present an offering to God, let him bring the first ripe and full ears. Whatever was brought to God must be the best in its kind, though it were but green ears of corn. Oil and frankincense must be put upon it. Wisdom and humility soften and sweeten the spirits and services of young people, and their green ears of corn shall be acceptable. God takes delight in the first ripe fruits of the Spirit, and the expressions of early piety and devotion. Holy love to God is the fire by which all our offerings must be made. The frankincense denotes the mediation and intercession of Christ, by which our services are accepted. Blessed be God that we have the substance, of which these observances were but shadows. There is that excellency in Christ, and in his work as Mediator, which no types and shadows can fully represent. And our dependence thereon must be so entire, that we must never lose sight of it in any thing we do, if we would be accepted of God.

Footnotes 20

  • [a]. Or "a soul"
  • [b]. That is, the priest--see v. 9
  • [c]. Literally "from there his handful from its finely milled flour"
  • [d]. Or "And the priest"
  • [e]. Or "And the remainder"
  • [f]. Literally "for"
  • [g]. Literally "a holiness of holinesses"
  • [h]. Hebrew "of"
  • [i]. Hebrew "the"
  • [j]. Or "And if"
  • [k]. Changing from 2ms in the first verb to 3ms in the second verb apparently moves from general to specific; NET takes the second verb as an imperative ("Present it"), and NJPS translates it as an indefinite 3ms, making it passive ("it shall be brought")
  • [l]. Literally "for"
  • [m]. Literally "a holiness of holinesses"
  • [n]. Hebrew "of"
  • [o]. The first time a plural 2m verb has been employed since 1:2
  • [p]. Hebrew "from it"
  • [q]. Another occurrence of the 2mp
  • [r]. Or "And all"
  • [s]. Or "and you"
  • [t]. Or "And the"

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO LEVITICUS 2

This chapter contains the law of the meat offering, and gives an account of what it was made of, fine flour, with oil poured, and frankincense put upon it, Le 2:1 what was done with it; part of it burnt upon the altar, and the rest was the property of the priests, Le 2:2,3,8-10 how it was to be when baked in an oven, or in a pan, or fried in a frying pan, Le 2:4-7 what was prohibited in it, leaven and honey, Le 2:11 what was to be used in it, salt, Le 2:13 and what was to be the oblation and meat offering of the first fruits, and what to be done with it, Le 2:12,14-16.

Leviticus 2 Commentaries

Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.