Revelation 1:1-16

The Revelation of Jesus Christ

1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which 1God gave Him to 2show to His bond-servants, 3the things which must soon take place; and He sent and [a]communicated it 4by His angel to His bond-servant 5John,
2 who testified to 6the word of God and to 7the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw.
3 8Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of the prophecy, and [b]heed the things which are written in it; 9for the time is near.

Message to the Seven Churches

4 10John to 11the seven churches that are in 12Asia: 13Grace to you and peace, from 14Him who is and who was and who [c]is to come, and from 15the seven Spirits who are before His throne,
5 and from Jesus Christ, 16the faithful witness, the 17firstborn of the dead, and the 18ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who 19loves us and released us from our sins [d]by His blood -
6 and He has made us to be a 20kingdom, 21priests to [e]22His God and Father -23to Him be the glory and the dominion forever and ever. Amen.
7 24BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS, and 25every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will 26mourn over Him. So it is to be. Amen.
8 "I am 27the Alpha and the Omega," says the 28Lord God, "29who is and who was and who [f]is to come, the Almighty."

The Patmos Vision

9 30I, John, your 31brother and 32fellow partaker in the tribulation and 33kingdom and [g]34perseverance which are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos 35because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
10 I was [h]36in the Spirit on 37the Lord's day, and I heard behind me a loud voice 38like the sound of a trumpet,
11 saying, "39Write in a [i]book what you see, and send it to the 40seven churches: to 41Ephesus and to 42Smyrna and to 43Pergamum and to 44Thyatira and to 45Sardis and to 46Philadelphia and to 47Laodicea."
12 Then I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned I saw 48seven golden lampstands;
13 and 49in the middle of the lampstands I saw one 50like [j]a son of man, 51clothed in a robe reaching to the feet, and 52girded across His chest with a golden sash.
14 His head and His 53hair were white like white wool, like snow; and 54His eyes were like a flame of fire.
15 His 55feet were like burnished bronze, when it has been made to glow in a furnace, and His 56voice was like the sound of many waters.
16 In His right hand He held 57seven stars, and out of His mouth came a 58sharp two-edged sword; and His 59face was like 60the sun [k]shining in its strength.

Images for Revelation 1:1-16

Revelation 1:1-16 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO REVELATIONS

That this book was written by the Apostle and Evangelist John, is clear not only from the express mention of his name, and from his office, a servant of Jesus Christ, Re 1:1; but also from the character this writer gives of himself, Re 1:2; as being an eyewitness of the essential Logos, or Word of God, and who bore a faithful record of him as such, as John did in his Gospel, in a very peculiar and remarkable manner, and from this writer's being in the isle of Patmos when he wrote, Re 1:9; for of what other John can this be said? to which may be added the testimonies of the ancient writers, as Justin Martyr {a}, who lived within fifty years of the apostle, and Irenaeus {b}, who was the disciple of Polycarp, an hearer of this apostle, and Clemens Alexandrinus {c}, Tertullian {d}, Origen {e}, and others, who ascribe it to him. It was a most monstrously stupid notion of Caius, Dionysius of Alexandria mentions {f}, that it was written by Cerinthus the heretic, when his heresies concerning the divinity and humanity of Christ are most strongly refuted in it. What seems to have led to such a thought is, that the account of the thousand years' reign, and the descent of the new Jerusalem from heaven, seemed to favour the judaism of this man, and his carnal notions of an earthly paradise, whereas they have no such tendency. And as for its being written by another John, who is said to be presbyter at Ephesus, after the apostle, it is not certain there ever was such a man; and if there was, he must be too late to be the writer of this book; nor to him can the above characters agree. What is observed in favour of him, that the penman of this book is called, in the title, John the divine, and not the evangelist, or apostle, will do him no service; for to whom does this character so well agree, as to the Evangelist John, who wrote of divine things in so divine a manner, and particularly concerning the divinity of Christ? hence this book was sometimes called yeologia, "Divinity" {g}: besides, the title of the book is not original, but is what has been affixed to it by others, and varies; for in the Complutensian edition it runs thus,

``the Revelation of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Divine.''

In the Vulgate Latin version it is called the Apocalypse of the blessed John the Apostle; and in the Syriac version, the Revelation which was made to John the Evangelist; and in the Arabic version, the Vision of John, the Apostle and Evangelist, to wit, the Apocalypse. All which acknowledge the Apostle John to be the writer of it, and show the sense of the ancients concerning it. Nor is it of any moment what is alleged, that this writer makes mention of his name several times, whereas it was usual with John, both in his Gospel and epistles, to conceal his name; since there is a wide difference between writing an history and epistles to friends, and prophecy which requires the author's name, on whom the authority and truth of the prophecy greatly depend: and so likewise the disagreement of style observed in this book, with the other writings of John, has no force in it; since the prophetic style is always different from an historical and epistolary one; and yet, after all, in many things, there is an agreement; John in this, as in his other writings, speaks of Christ as the Word and Son of God and under the character of the Lamb; and likewise the following: passages may be compared together, as Re 1:2 with Joh 19:35 and 1Jo 1:1,2 Re 1:5 with 1Jo 1:7. All which being observed there no room to doubt, neither of the writer nor of the authority of this book; especially when the agreement of the doctrine contained in it with other parts of the Scripture, the majesty of its style, and above all the many prophecies of things to come to pass in it, several of which have been already fulfilled, are considered; and though it was called in question and rejected by some heretical men, because some things in it did not suit with their tenets, yet we have not the least reason to doubt of its being authentic who have lived to see so much of it already accomplished and which could come from no other but God. As for the time of its writing this is not agreed upon on all hands; the place where, seems to be the isle of Patmos, which yet some question. Some think it was written in the times of Claudius Caesar {h}, before the destruction of Jerusalem. In the title of the Syriac version, this revelation is said to be made to John in the isle of Patmos, into which he was cast by Nero Caesar. But the more commonly received opinion is, that he had this vision there, at the latter end of Domitian's reign {i} by whom he was there banished, about the year 95, or 96. But be this as it will, the book is certainly of divine authority, and exceeding useful and instructive; and contains in it the most momentous and important doctrines of the Gospel, concerning a trinity of persons in the Godhead, the deity and sonship of Christ, the divinity and personality of the Spirit, the offices of Christ, the state and condition of man by nature, justification, pardon, and reconciliation by the blood of Christ; and it recommends the several duties of religion, and encourages to the exercise of every grace and gives a very particular account of the rise, power, and fall of antichrist, and of the state of the church of Christ in all the periods of time to the end of the world. And though it is written in an uncommon style, yet may be understood, by the use of proper means, as by prayer and meditation, by comparing it with other prophetic writings, and the history of past times, by which many things in it will appear to have had their accomplishment; and it ought to be observed, that it is a revelation, and not a hidden thing; that it is now not a sealed book, but an open one; and that such are pronounced blessed that read and hear it, and observe the things in it, Re 1:3; and which is no small encouragement to attempt an explanation of it.

{a} Dialog. cum Tryph. p. 308. {b} Adv. Haeres. l. 4. c. 37, 50. & l. 5. c. 30. {c} Paedagog. l. 2. c. 12. {d} Adv. Marcion. l. 4. c. 5. {e} Comment. in Matt. p. 417. Ed. Huet. {f} Apud. Euseb. Hist. Eccl. l. 3. c. 28. & l. 7. c. 23. {g} Suidas in voce iwannhv. {h} Vid. Epiphan Haeres. 51. {i} Irenaeus adv. Haeres. l. 5. c. 36. Euseb. Eccles. Hist. l. 3. c. 18.

\\INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION 1\\

This chapter contains the preface and introduction to the book, and the first vision in it. The preface begins with the title of the book, in which the subject matter of it is pointed at, a Revelation; the author of it, Jesus Christ, who had it from his Father; the minister of it, an angel: the person to whom it was made known, described by his name, office, and the testimony he bore to Christ, his Gospel, and to whatever he saw; and for encouragement to persons to read, hear, and observe it, happiness is pronounced to them Re 1:1-3; the inscription of the book follows, in which are the name of the writer, and the place where the churches to whom it is inscribed were, with a salutation of them; in which grace and peace are wished for them, from God the Father, from the Holy Spirit, and from Jesus Christ; who is described by characters expressing his prophetic, priestly, and kingly offices, and by the benefits, favours, and honours bestowed by him on his people, to whom a doxology or ascription of glory is made, Re 1:4-6; who is further described, first by his future visible coming in the clouds, which will greatly affect the inhabitants of the earth, and then by himself, as the eternal and almighty God, Re 1:7,8; and in order to introduce the vision, hereafter related in this chapter, he that saw it gives an account of himself, by his name, by his relation to the churches, and by his partnership with them in affliction, and of the place he was in; and for what, and of the time when he had the vision, and the frame he was in, and what awakened his attention to it, Re 1:9-11; and how, that adverting to it he saw seven golden candlesticks, and in the midst of them one like the son of man, who is described by his clothes and girdle, by his head, hair, and eyes, by his feet and voice, by what he had in his right hand, and by what went out of his mouth, and by his face shining like the sun in its strength, Re 1:12-16, next is related the effect this vision had on. John, who upon it fell down as one dead, but was comforted by Christ, laying his right hand on him, and telling him who he was, and bidding him write what he had seen, or should see, Re 1:17-19; and the chapter is concluded with an interpretation of the mystery of the seven stars, and the seven candlesticks, Re 1:20.

Cross References 60

  • 1. John 17:8; Revelation 5:7
  • 2. Revelation 22:6
  • 3. Daniel 2:28; Revelation 1:19
  • 4. Revelation 17:1; Revelation 19:9; Revelation 21:9; Revelation 22:16
  • 5. Revelation 1:4, 9; Revelation 22:8
  • 6. Revelation 1:9; Revelation 6:9; Revelation 12:17; Revelation 20:4
  • 7. 1 Corinthians 1:6; Revelation 12:17
  • 8. Luke 11:28; Revelation 22:7
  • 9. Romans 13:11; Revelation 3:11; Revelation 22:7, 10, 12
  • 10. Revelation 1:1, 9; Revelation 22:8
  • 11. Revelation 1:11, 20
  • 12. Acts 2:9
  • 13. Romans 1:7
  • 14. Revelation 1:8, 17; Revelation 4:8; Revelation 16:5
  • 15. Isaiah 11:2; Revelation 3:1; Revelation 4:5; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 8:2
  • 16. Revelation 3:14; Revelation 19:11
  • 17. 1 Corinthians 15:20; Colossians 1:18
  • 18. Revelation 17:14; Revelation 19:16
  • 19. Romans 8:37
  • 20. Revelation 5:10; Revelation 20:6
  • 21. Revelation 5:10; Revelation 20:6
  • 22. Romans 15:6
  • 23. Romans 11:36
  • 24. Daniel 7:13; 1 Thessalonians 4:17
  • 25. Zechariah 12:10-14; John 19:37
  • 26. Luke 23:28
  • 27. Isaiah 41:4; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:13
  • 28. Revelation 4:8; Revelation 11:17
  • 29. Revelation 1:4
  • 30. Revelation 1:1
  • 31. Acts 1:15
  • 32. Matthew 20:23; Acts 14:22; 2 Corinthians 1:7; Philippians 4:14
  • 33. 2 Timothy 2:12; Revelation 1:6
  • 34. 2 Thessalonians 3:5; Revelation 3:10
  • 35. Revelation 1:2
  • 36. Matthew 22:43; Revelation 4:2; Revelation 17:3; Revelation 21:10
  • 37. Acts 20:7
  • 38. Revelation 4:1
  • 39. Revelation 1:2, 19
  • 40. Revelation 1:4, 20
  • 41. Revelation 2:1
  • 42. Revelation 2:8
  • 43. Revelation 2:12
  • 44. Acts 16:14; Revelation 2:18, 24
  • 45. Revelation 3:1, 4
  • 46. Revelation 3:7
  • 47. Colossians 2:1; Revelation 3:14
  • 48. Exodus 25:37; Exodus 37:23; Zechariah 4:2; Revelation 1:20; Revelation 2:1
  • 49. Revelation 2:1
  • 50. Ezekiel 1:26; Daniel 7:13; Daniel 10:16; Revelation 14:14
  • 51. Daniel 10:5
  • 52. Revelation 15:6
  • 53. Daniel 7:9
  • 54. Daniel 7:9; Daniel 10:6; Revelation 2:18; Revelation 19:12
  • 55. Ezekiel 1:7; Daniel 10:6; Revelation 2:18
  • 56. Ezekiel 1:24; Ezekiel 43:2; Revelation 14:2; Revelation 19:6
  • 57. Revelation 1:20; Revelation 2:1; Revelation 3:1
  • 58. Isaiah 49:2; Hebrews 4:12; Revelation 2:12, 16; Revelation 19:15
  • 59. Matthew 17:2; Revelation 10:1
  • 60. Judges 5:31

Footnotes 11

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