1 Samuel 28:3-25

Saul Inquires of the Medium at Endor

3 (Now Samuel had died, and all Israel had mourned for him, and they had buried him in Ramah, his [own] city. And Saul had expelled the mediums and the soothsayers from the land.)
4 Then [the] Philistines assembled and came and encamped at Shunem, so Saul assembled all Israel, and they encamped at Gilboa.
5 When Saul saw the army of [the] Philistines, he was afraid and his heart trembled greatly.
6 And Saul inquired of Yahweh, but Yahweh did not answer him, not by dreams or by the Urim or by the prophets.
7 So Saul said to his servants, "Search for me {a woman who is a medium} so that I may go to her and inquire of her." His servants said to him, "Look [there is] a woman who [is] a medium in Endor."
8 So Saul disguised himself and put on other clothes, and he went {with two of his men}. And they came to the woman [by] night and he said, "Please consult a spirit for me through {the ritual pit}, and bring up for me [the one] whom I tell you."
9 But the woman said to him, "Look, you know what Saul did, how he exterminated the mediums and the soothsayers from the land! Why [are] you setting a trap for my life to kill me?"
10 Then Saul swore to her by Yahweh, "{As Yahweh lives}, {you will not be punished} for this thing."
11 So the woman asked, "Whom shall I bring up for you?" He said, "Bring up Samuel for me."
12 When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out with a loud voice, and the woman said to Saul, "Why did you deceive me? You [are] Saul!"
13 The king said to her, "Do not be afraid! What do you see?" And the woman said to Saul, "I see a god coming up from the ground!"
14 Then he said to her, "What [is] his appearance?" She said, "An old man [is] coming up, and {he is wrapped in a robe}." Then Saul realized that it was Samuel, and he knelt [with] his face to the ground and bowed down.
15 Then Samuel said to Saul, "Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?" And Saul said, "{I am in distress}! For [the] Philistines [are about] to make war against me, but God has turned away from me, and he does not answer me any more, not {by the prophets} or by the dreams. So I called to you to let me know what I should do."
16 Then Samuel said, "Why do you ask me, since Yahweh has turned away from you and has become your enemy?
17 Yahweh has done to you just as he spoke by my hand! Yahweh has torn the kingdom from your hand and has given it to your neighbor, to David.
18 Because you {did not obey} Yahweh and did not carry out the fierce anger of his {wrath} against Amalek, therefore Yahweh has done this thing to you today.
19 And Yahweh will also give Israel with you into the hands of [the] Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons [will be] with me, and Yahweh will also give the army of Israel into [the] hand of [the] Philistines."
20 {Then Saul immediately fell prostrate} to the ground, and he was very afraid because of the words of Samuel; there was no more strength in him, for he had not eaten food all day and all night.
21 Then the woman came to Saul and realized that he was absolutely terrified, so she said to him, "Look, your female servant {has obeyed you}, and I have {risked my life}. I have listened to your words that you have spoken to me.
22 So then, you also please listen to the voice of your female servant, and let me set before you a morsel of bread, and [you] eat so that {you will have strength} in you when you go on your way."
23 But he refused and said, "I will not eat!" However, his servants urged him, and the woman also. So he listened {to what they said}, and he got up from the ground and sat on the bed.
24 Now the woman had a fattened bull calf in the house, {so she quickly slaughtered it} and took flour, kneaded [dough], and baked him [some] unleavened bread.
25 She brought it before Saul and his servants, and they ate. Then they got up and went away that [very] night.

1 Samuel 28:3-25 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 28

The Philistines gathering together, to fight with Israel, Saul trembled at it, not being able to get any answer from the Lord about it in any way whatever, 1Sa 28:1-6; upon which he applies to a woman that had a familiar spirit to bring him up Samuel, which she did, 1Sa 28:7-14; and what passed between Saul and Samuel, or at least the apparition in his form, is recorded, 1Sa 28:15-19; which so struck him, as to make him strengthless, and so melancholy, that he refused to eat until persuaded, or rather compelled, by the woman and his servants, 1Sa 28:20-25.

Footnotes 22

  • [a]. Or "necromancers"
  • [b]. A device for revealing God's decisions; see Exod 28:30; Num 27:21; Neh 7:65; Prov 16:33
  • [c]. Literally "a woman of an owner of a spirit of the dead" (= "a woman who owns a ritual pit for summoning spirits of the dead")
  • [d]. Literally "and two of [his] men with him"
  • [e]. Literally "the spirit of the dead"
  • [f]. Or "necromancers"
  • [g]. Literally "The life of Yahweh"
  • [h]. Literally "guilt will not meet you"
  • [i]. Or "a divine being"
  • [j]. Literally "he [is] wrapping himself [with] a robe"
  • [k]. Literally "Great distress [is] for me"
  • [l]. Literally "by the hand of the prophets"
  • [m]. Literally "did not listen to"
  • [n]. Literally "face"
  • [o]. Literally "Saul did at once and fell [with] the fullness of his height"
  • [p]. Hebrew "very"
  • [q]. Literally "has listened to your voice"
  • [r]. Literally "I have put my life in my palm"
  • [s]. Literally "it will be your strength"
  • [t]. Hebrew "the"
  • [u]. Literally "their voice"
  • [v]. Literally "and she did quickly and she slaughtered it"
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