Isaías 1:2-31

Judá, nación rebelde

2 ¡Oigan, cielos! ¡Escucha, tierra!Así dice el SEÑOR:«Yo crié hijos hasta hacerlos hombres,pero ellos se rebelaron contra mí.

3 El buey conoce a su dueñoy el asno el pesebre de su amo;¡pero Israel no conoce,mi pueblo no entiende!»

4 ¡Ay, nación pecadora,pueblo cargado de culpa,generación de malhechores,hijos corruptos!¡Han abandonado al SEÑOR!¡Han despreciado al Santo de Israel!¡Se han vuelto atrás!

5 ¿Para qué recibir más golpes?¿Para qué insistir en la rebelión?Toda su cabeza está herida,todo su corazón está enfermo.

6 Desde la planta del pie hasta la coronillano les queda nada sano:todo en ellos es heridas, moretones,y llagas abiertas,que no les han sido curadas ni vendadas,ni aliviadas con aceite.

7 Su país está desolado,sus ciudades son presa del fuego;ante sus propios ojoslos extraños devoran sus campos;su país está desolado,como si hubiera sido destruido por extranjeros.

8 La bella Sión ha quedadocomo cobertizo en un viñedo,como choza en un melonar,como ciudad sitiada.

9 Si el SEÑORTodopoderosono nos hubiera dejado algunos sobrevivientes,seríamos ya como Sodoma,nos pareceríamos a Gomorra.

10 ¡Oigan la palabra del SEÑOR,gobernantes de Sodoma!¡Escuchen la ley de nuestro Dios,pueblo de Gomorra!

11 «¿De qué me sirven sus muchos sacrificios?—dice el SEÑOR—.Harto estoy de holocaustos de carnerosy de la grasa de animales engordados;la sangre de toros, corderos y cabrasno me complace.

12 ¿Por qué vienen a presentarse ante mí?¿Quién les mandó traer animalespara que pisotearan mis atrios?

13 No me sigan trayendo vanas ofrendas;el incienso es para mí una abominación.Luna nueva, día de reposo, asambleas convocadas;¡no soporto que con su adoración me ofendan!

14 Yo aborrezco sus lunas nuevas y festividades;se me han vuelto una cargaque estoy cansado de soportar.

15 Cuando levantan sus manos,yo aparto de ustedes mis ojos;aunque multipliquen sus oraciones,no las escucharé,pues tienen las manos llenas de sangre.

16 ¡Lávense, límpiense!¡Aparten de mi vista sus obras malvadas!¡Dejen de hacer el mal!

17 ¡Aprendan a hacer el bien!¡Busquen la justicia y reprendan al opresor!¡Aboguen por el huérfano y defiendan a la viuda!

18 »Vengan, pongamos las cosas en claro—dice el SEÑOR—.¿Son sus pecados como escarlata?¡Quedarán blancos como la nieve!¿Son rojos como la púrpura?¡Quedarán como la lana!

19 ¿Están ustedes dispuestos a obedecer?¡Comerán lo mejor de la tierra!

20 ¿Se niegan y se rebelan?¡Serán devorados por la espada!»El SEÑOR mismo lo ha dicho.

21 ¡Cómo se ha prostituido la ciudad fiel!Antes estaba llena de justicia.La rectitud moraba en ella,pero ahora solo quedan asesinos.

22 Tu plata se ha convertido en escoria;tu buen vino, en agua.

23 Tus gobernantes son rebeldes,cómplices de ladrones;todos aman el sobornoy van detrás de las prebendas.No abogan por el huérfano,ni se ocupan de la causa de la viuda.

24 Por eso afirma el Señor,el SEÑOR Todopoderoso,el Fuerte de Israel:«Me desquitaré de mis adversarios,me vengaré de mis enemigos.

25 Volveré mi mano contra ti,limpiaré tus escorias con lejíay quitaré todas tus impurezas.

26 Restauraré a tus jueces como al principio,y a tus consejeros como al comienzo.Entonces serás llamada “Ciudad de justicia”,“Ciudad fiel”».

27 Con justicia Sión será redimida,y con rectitud, los que se arrepientan.

28 Pero los rebeldes y pecadores a una serán quebrantados,y perecerán los que abandonan al SEÑOR.

29 Se avergonzarán de las encinas que ustedes tanto aman;los jardines que eligieron serán para ellos una afrenta.

30 Serán como una encina con hojas marchitas,como un jardín sin agua.

31 El hombre fuerte se convertirá en estopa,y su trabajo en chispa;arderán los dos juntos,y no habrá quien los apague.

Isaías 1:2-31 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH

This book is called, in the New Testament, sometimes "the Book of the Words of the Prophet Esaias", Lu 3:4 sometimes only the "Prophet Esaias", Ac 8:28,30 and sometimes, as here, the "Book of the Prophet Esaias", Lu 4:17. In the Syriac version the title is, "the Prophecy of Isaiah the Son of Amos": and in the Arabic version, "the Beginning of the Prophecy of Isaiah the Prophet". It stands first of all the prophets; though the order of the prophets, according to the Jews {a}, is, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and the twelve. But it is here placed first, not because Isaiah prophesied before the other prophets; for Joel, Jonah, Hosea, and Amos, begun before him, namely, in or before the days of Jeroboam the Second; but because of the excellency of the matter contained in it. Isaiah is called by Ben Syra {b} the great prophet, and by Eusebius {c} the greatest of the prophets; and Jerom {d} a says, he should rather be called an evangelist than a prophet, since he seems rather to write a history of things past, than to prophesy of things to come; yea, he styles him an apostle, as well as an evangelist {e}: and certain it is that no one writes so fully and clearly of the person, offices, grace, and kingdom of Christ; of his incarnation and birth of a virgin; of his sufferings and death, and the glory that should follow, as he does. John, the forerunner of Christ, began his ministry with a passage out of him concerning himself, \Mt 3:3 Mr 1:3 Lu 3:4 Joh 1:23\. Our Lord preached his first sermon at Nazareth out of this book, Lu 4:17-21 and it was in this the eunuch was reading when Philip came up to him, who from the same Scripture preached to him Christ, Ac 8:28-35. And there are more citations in the New Testament made out of this prophecy than any other book, excepting the book of Psalms, as Musculus observes. To which may be added, as another reason, the elegance and sublimity of his style in which he exceeds the greatest of orators, Demosthenes among the Greeks, and Tully among the Romans; and this is observed both by Jews and Christians. Abarbinel {f} says, that the purity, and elegance of his diction is like that of kings and counsellors, who speak more purely and elegantly than other men: hence their Rabbins, he says, compare Isaiah to a citizen, and Ezekiel to a countryman. And Jerom {g} observes, that Isaiah is so eloquent and polite, that there is nothing of rusticity in his language; and that his style is so florid, that a translation cannot preserve it. Moreover, another reason of this book being placed first may be the bulk of it; it being larger, and containing more chapters, than any of the greater prophets, and almost as many as all the lesser prophets put together. That Isaiah was the writer of this book is not to be questioned; many of the prophecies in it are by name ascribed to him, \Mt 13:14 15:7 Joh 12:39\ Ro 10:20,21 though some others might be the compilers of it, collect his prophecies, and digest them in order: so the Jews say {h}, that Hezekiah and his company wrote Isaiah At what time, and in whose days he prophesied, may be learnt from Isa 1:1 by which it appears that he prophesied long, and lived to a good old age. He began to prophesy about A. M. 3236, and about seven hundred and seventy years before Christ. Abulpharagius, an Arabic writer, says {i}, he lived an hundred and twenty years, eighty five of which he prophesied. It is a generally received tradition with the Jews, that he lived to the time of Manasseh, and that he was sawn asunder by him; and which has been embraced by the ancient Christian writers, and is thought to be referred to in Heb 11:37. \\See Gill on "He 11:37"\\. But Aben Ezra on Isa 1:1 observes, that had he lived to the time of Manasseh, it would have been written, and is of opinion that he died in Hezekiah's time. According to the Cippi Hebraici {k}, he was buried at Tekoah, over whose grave a beautiful monument was erected; though Epiphanius {l}, or the author of the Lives of the Prophets that go by his name, says he was buried under the oak of Rogel, near the fountain of Siloam; and it is a tradition with the Syriac writers, that his body lay hid in the waters of Siloah; \\see Gill on "Joh 5:4"\\ but these are things not to be depended on; and alike fabulous are all other writings ascribed to him, besides this prophecy; as what are called the ascension of Isaiah, the vision of Isaiah, and the conference of Isaiah. This book contains some things historical, but chiefly prophetic; of which some relate to the punishment of the Jews, and other nations; but for the most part are evangelical, and concern the kingdom and grace of Christ; of which some are delivered out more clearly and perspicuously, and others more obscurely, under the type of the deliverance of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Ecclesiasticus, ch. xlviii. ver. 22. {c} Demonstrat, Evangel. l. 5. c. 4. inscript. p. 225. {d} Adv. Ruffinum, fol. 76. D. tom. 2. ad Paulam & Eustechium, fol. 8. M. tom. 3. {e} Prooem. in Es. fol. 2. B. tom. 5. {f} Comment. in Proph. Poster. fol. 1. 2. {g} Ad Paulam, ut supra, (& Eustechium, fol. 8. M. tom. 3.) {h} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {i} Hist. Dynast. p. 43. {k} P. 11. Ed. Hottinger. {l} De Vitis Prophet. c. 7. & Isidor. Hispalens. de Vit. & Mort. Sanct. c. 37.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH 1\\

This chapter, after the inscription, contains a charge of aggravated sin against the Jews; God's rejection of their ceremonial sacrifices and service; an exhortation to repentance and obedience, with a promise of pardon; a restoration from their sad estate; a prophecy of their restoration to a better; and of the destruction of idolatrous sinners. The inscription is in Isa 1:1 in which are the title of the prophecy, a vision; the writer of it described by his name, his descent, and the times in which he prophesied; and the subject of the prophecy is Judah and Jerusalem. The charge against the Jews is rebellion against the Lord, and the heavens and earth are called as witnesses of it; which is aggravated by the relation they stood in to God, and by the favours bestowed upon them, Isa 1:2 by their more than brutish stupidity, Isa 1:3 by the multitude of their sins, which were of a provoking nature, Isa 1:4 by the uselessness of chastisements, the whole body of the people, from the highest to the lowest, being afflicted without being the better for it, and so generally depraved, that no regard was had to any means of reformation, Isa 1:5,6 and by the desolation it brought upon them, which is illustrated by several similes, Isa 1:7,8 and by the grace and goodness of God in reserving a few, or otherwise they must have been for their punishment, as they were for their sins, like Sodom and Gomorrah, Isa 1:9 wherefore both rulers and people are called upon under those names to hearken to the law of God, and not trust in and depend upon their sacrifices and other rites of the ceremonial law, together with their hypocritical prayers; all which were abominable to the Lord, since they were guilty of such dreadful immoralities, Isa 1:11-15 when they are exhorted to repentance for sin, to the obedience of faith, and washing in the blood of Christ, whereby their crimson and scarlet sins would become as white as wool and snow, otherwise destruction must be expected, Isa 1:16-20 and then a lamentation is taken up concerning the deplorable state of Jerusalem, representing the difference between what it was now, and what it was formerly, and the sad degeneracy of the people, rulers, and judges, Isa 1:21-23 upon which the Lord foretells what he thought to do: to avenge himself of his enemies; to purge his church and people; to restore them to their former uprightness and integrity; and to redeem them with judgment and righteousness, Isa 1:24-27 and the chapter is concluded with a denunciation of utter destruction upon wicked men, who are described and pointed at as idolaters; which will cover them with shame and confusion, Isa 1:28,29 and which is illustrated by the fading of the leaves of an oak, and by a garden parched with drought, Isa 1:30 and it is suggested that it will be by burning with fire unquenchable, Isa 1:31.