Salmi 18

1 Al Capo de’ musici. Di Davide, servo dell’Eterno, il quale rivolse all’Eterno le parole di questo cantico quando l’Eterno l’ebbe riscosso dalla mano di tutti i suoi nemici e dalla mano di Saul. Egli disse: Io t’amo, o Eterno, mia forza!

2 L’Eterno è la mia ròcca, la mia fortezza, il mio liberatore; il mio Dio, la mia rupe, in cui mi rifugio, il mio scudo, il mio potente salvatore, il mio alto ricetto.

3 Io invocai l’Eterno ch’è degno d’ogni lode e fui salvato dai miei nemici.

4 I legami della morte m’aveano circondato e i torrenti della distruzione m’aveano spaventato.

5 I legami del soggiorno de’ morti m’aveano attorniato, i lacci della morte m’aveano còlto.

6 Nella mia distretta invocai l’Eterno e gridai al mio Dio. Egli udì la mia voce dal suo tempio e il mio grido pervenne a lui, ai suoi orecchi.

7 Allora la terra fu scossa e tremò, i fondamenti de’ monti furono smossi e scrollati; perch’egli era acceso d’ira.

8 Un fumo saliva dalle sue nari; un fuoco consumante gli usciva dalla bocca, e ne procedevano carboni accesi.

9 Egli abbassò i cieli e discese, avendo sotto i piedi una densa caligine.

10 Cavalcava sopra un cherubino e volava; volava veloce sulle ali del vento;

11 avea fatto delle tenebre la sua stanza nascosta, avea posto intorno a sé per suo padiglione l’oscurità dell’acque, le dense nubi de’ cieli.

12 Per lo splendore che lo precedeva, le dense nubi si sciolsero con gragnuola e con carboni accesi.

13 L’Eterno tuonò ne’ cieli e l’Altissimo diè fuori la sua voce con gragnuola e con carboni accesi.

14 E avventò le sue saette e disperse i nemici; lanciò folgori in gran numero e li mise in rotta.

15 Allora apparve il letto delle acque, e i fondamenti del mondo furono scoperti al tuo sgridare, o Eterno, al soffio del vento delle tue nari.

16 Egli distese dall’alto la mano e mi prese, mi trasse fuori delle grandi acque.

17 Mi riscosse dal mio potente nemico, e da quelli che mi odiavano perch’eran più forti di me.

18 Essi m’eran piombati addosso nel dì della mia calamità, ma l’Eterno fu il mio sostegno.

19 Egli mi trasse fuori al largo, mi liberò, perché mi gradisce.

20 L’Eterno mi ha retribuito secondo la mia giustizia, mi ha reso secondo la purità delle mie mani,

21 poiché ho osservato le vie dell’Eterno e non mi sono empiamente sviato dal mio Dio.

22 Poiché ho tenuto tutte le sue leggi davanti a me, e non ho rimosso da me i suoi statuti.

23 E sono stato integro verso lui, e mi son guardato dalla mia iniquità.

24 Ond’è che l’Eterno m’ha reso secondo la mia giustizia, secondo la purità delle mie mani nel suo cospetto.

25 Tu ti mostri pietoso verso il pio, integro verso l’uomo integro;

26 ti mostri puro col puro e ti mostri astuto col perverso;

27 poiché tu sei quel che salvi la gente afflitta e fai abbassare gli occhi alteri.

28 Sì, tu sei quel che fa risplendere la mia lampada; l’Eterno, il mio Dio, è quel che illumina le mie tenebre.

29 Con te io assalgo tutta una schiera e col mio Dio salgo sulle mura.

30 La via di Dio è perfetta; la parola dell’Eterno e purgata col fuoco; egli è lo scudo di tutti quelli che sperano in lui.

31 Poiché chi è Dio fuor dell’Eterno? E chi è Ròcca fuor del nostro Dio,

32 l’Iddio che mi cinge di forza e rende la mia via perfetta?

33 Egli rende i miei piedi simili a quelli delle cerve, e mi rende saldo sui miei alti luoghi;

34 ammaestra le mie mani alla battaglia e le mie braccia tendono un arco di rame.

35 Tu m’hai anche dato lo scudo della tua salvezza, e la tua destra m’ha sostenuto, e la tua benignità m’ha fatto grande.

36 Tu hai allargato la via ai miei passi; e i miei piedi non hanno vacillato.

37 Io ho inseguito i miei nemici e li ho raggiunti; e non son tornato indietro prima d’averli distrutti.

38 Io li ho abbattuti e non son potuti risorgere; son caduti sotto i miei piedi.

39 Tu m’hai cinto di forza per la guerra; tu hai fatto piegare sotto di me i miei avversari;

40 hai fatto voltar le spalle davanti a me ai miei nemici, e ho distrutto quelli che m’odiavano.

41 Hanno gridato, ma non vi fu chi li salvasse; hanno gridato all’Eterno, ma egli non rispose loro.

42 Io li ho tritati come polvere esposta al vento, li ho spazzati via come il fango delle strade.

43 Tu m’hai liberato dalle dissensioni del popolo, m’hai costituito capo di nazioni; un popolo che non conoscevo mi e stato sottoposto.

44 Al solo udir parlare di me, m’hanno ubbidito; i figli degli stranieri m’hanno reso omaggio.

45 I figli degli stranieri son venuti meno, sono usciti tremanti dai loro ripari.

46 Vive l’Eterno! Sia benedetta la mia ròcca! E sia esaltato l’Iddio della mia salvezza!

47 l’Iddio che fa la mia vendetta e mi sottomette i popoli,

48 che mi scampa dai miei nemici. Sì, tu mi sollevi sopra i miei avversari, mi riscuoti dall’uomo violento.

49 Perciò, o Eterno, ti loderò fra le nazioni, e salmeggerò al tuo nome.

50 Grandi liberazioni egli accorda al suo re, ed usa benignità verso il suo Unto, verso Davide e la sua progenie in perpetuo.

Salmi 18 Commentary

Chapter 18

David rejoices in the deliverances God wrought for him. (1-19) He takes the comfort of his integrity, which God had cleared up. (20-28) He gives to God the glory of all his mighty deeds. (29-50)

Verses 1-19 The first words, "I will love thee, O Lord, my strength," are the scope and contents of the psalm. Those that truly love God, may triumph in him as their Rock and Refuge, and may with confidence call upon him. It is good for us to observe all the circumstances of a mercy which magnify the power of God and his goodness to us in it. David was a praying man, and God was found a prayer-hearing God. If we pray as he did, we shall speed as he did. God's manifestation of his presence is very fully described, ver. ( 7-15 ) . Little appeared of man, but much of God, in these deliverances. It is not possible to apply to the history of the son of Jesse those awful, majestic, and stupendous words which are used through this description of the Divine manifestation. Every part of so solemn a scene of terrors tells us, a greater than David is here. God will not only deliver his people out of their troubles in due time, but he will bear them up under their troubles in the mean time. Can we meditate on ver. 18, without directing one thought to Gethsemane and Calvary? Can we forget that it was in the hour of Christ's deepest calamity, when Judas betrayed, when his friends forsook, when the multitude derided him, and the smiles of his Father's love were withheld, that the powers of darkness prevented him? The sorrows of death surrounded him, in his distress he prayed, ( Hebrews 5:7 ) . God made the earth to shake and tremble, and the rocks to cleave, and brought him out, in his resurrection, because he delighted in him and in his undertaking.

Verses 20-28 Those that forsake the ways of the Lord, depart from their God. But though conscious to ourselves of many a false step, let there not be a wicked departure from our God. David kept his eye upon the rule of God's commands. Constant care to keep from that sin, whatever it be, which most easily besets us, proves that we are upright before God. Those who show mercy to others, even they need mercy. Those who are faithful to God, shall find him all that to them which he has promised to be. The words of the Lord are pure words, very sure to be depended on, and very sweet to be delighted in. Those who resist God, and walk contrary to him, shall find that he will walk contrary to them, ( Leviticus 26:21-24 ) . The gracious recompence of which David spoke, may generally be expected by those who act from right motives. Hence he speaks comfort to the humble, and terror to the proud; "Thou wilt bring down high looks." And he speaks encouragement to himself; "Thou wilt light my candle:" thou wilt revive and comfort my sorrowful spirit; thou wilt guide my way, that I may avoid the snares laid for me. Thou wilt light my candle to work by, and give me an opportunity of serving thee. Let those that walk in darkness, and labour under discouragements, take courage; God himself will be a Light to them.

Verses 29-50 When we praise for one mercy, we must observe the many more, with which we have been compassed all our days. Many things had contributed to David's advancement, and he owns the hand of God in them all, to teach us to do likewise. In verse Verse 32 , and the following verses, are the gifts of God to the spiritual warrior, whereby he is prepared for the contest, after the example of his victorious Leader. Learn that we must seek release being made through Christ, shall be rejected. In David the type, we behold out of trouble through Christ. The prayer put up, without reconciliation Jesus our Redeemer, conflicting with enemies, compassed with sorrows and with floods of ungodly men, enduring not only the pains of death, but the wrath of God for us; yet calling upon the Father with strong cries and tears; rescued from the grave; proceeding to reconcile, or to put under his feet all other enemies, till death, the last enemy, shall be destroyed. We should love the Lord, our Strength, and our Salvation; we should call on him in every trouble, and praise him for every deliverance; we should aim to walk with him in all righteousness and true holiness, keeping from sin. If we belong to him, he conquers and reigns for us, and we shall conquer and reign through him, and partake of the mercy of our anointed King, which is promised to all his seed for evermore. Amen.

Chapter Summary

To the chief Musician, [a Psalm] of David. This is the same with that in 2 Samuel 22:1, with some variations, omissions, and alterations:

the servant of the Lord; not only by creation, nor merely by regeneration, but by office, as king of Israel, being put into it by the Lord, and acting in it in submission and obedience to him; just as the apostles under the New Testament, on account of their office, so style themselves in their epistles:

who spake unto the Lord the words of this song; that is, who delivered and sung this song in so many express words, in public, before all the congregation of Israel, to the honour and glory of God:

in the day [that] the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul, Not that this psalm was composed and sung the selfsame day that David was delivered from Saul, and set upon the throne; for it seems to have been written in his old age, at the close of his days; for immediately after it, in the second book of Samuel, it follows, "now these be the last words of David," 2 Samuel 23:1: but the sense is, that whereas David had many enemies, and particularly Saul, who was his greatest enemy, the Lord delivered him from them all, and especially from him, from him first, and then from all the rest; which when he reflected upon in his last days, he sat down and wrote this psalm, and then sung it in public, having delivered it into the hands of the chief musician for that purpose. There are two passages cited out of it in the New Testament, and applied to Christ; Psalm 18:2, in Hebrews 2:13, and Psalm 18:49 in Romans 15:9; and there are many things in it that very well agree with him; he is eminently the "servant" of the Lord as Mediator; he was encompassed with the snares and sorrows of death and hell, and with the floods of ungodly men, when in the garden and on the cross God was his helper and deliverer, as man; and he was victorious over all enemies, sin, Satan, the world, death and hell; as the subject of this psalm is all along represented: and to Christ it does most properly belong to be the head of the Heathen, whose voluntary subjects the Gentiles are said to be, Psalm 18:43; and which is expressed in much the same language as the like things are in Isaiah 55:4; which is a clear and undoubted prophecy of the Messiah; to which may be added, that the Lord's Anointed, the King Messiah, and who is also called David, is expressly mentioned in Psalm 18:50; and which is applied to the Messiah by the Jews {q} as Psalm 18:32 is paraphrased of him by the Targum on it;

and he said; the following words:

{q} Echa Rabbati, fol. 50. 2. & Midrash Tillim in Tzeror Hammor, fol. 47. 3.