1
After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated Darius, king of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. (He had previously become king of Greece.)
2
He fought many battles, conquered strongholds, and put to death the kings of the earth.
3
He advanced to the ends of the earth, and plundered many nations. When the earth became quiet before him, he was exalted, and his heart was lifted up.
4
He gathered a very strong army and ruled over countries, nations, and princes, and they became tributary to him.
5
After this he fell sick and perceived that he was dying.
6
So he summoned his most honored officers, who had been brought up with him from youth, and divided his kingdom among them while he was still alive.
7
And after Alexander had reigned twelve years, he died.
8
Then his officers began to rule, each in his own place.
9
They all put on crowns after his death, and so did their sons after them for many years; and they caused many evils on the earth.
10
From them came forth a sinful root, Antiochus Epiphanes, son of Antiochus the king; he had been a hostage in Rome. He began to reign in the one hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.
11
In those days lawless men came forth from Israel, and misled many, saying, "Let us go and make a covenant with the Gentiles round about us, for since we separated from them many evils have come upon us."
12
This proposal pleased them,
13
and some of the people eagerly went to the king. He authorized them to observe the ordinances of the Gentiles.
14
So they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem, according to Gentile custom,
15
and removed the marks of circumcision, and abandoned the holy covenant. They joined with the Gentiles and sold themselves to do evil.
16
When Antiochus saw that his kingdom was established, he determined to become king of the land of Egypt, that he might reign over both kingdoms.
17
So he invaded Egypt with a strong force, with chariots and elephants and cavalry and with a large fleet.
18
He engaged Ptolemy king of Egypt in battle, and Ptolemy turned and fled before him, and many were wounded and fell.
19
And they captured the fortified cities in the land of Egypt, and he plundered the land of Egypt.
20
After subduing Egypt, Antiochus returned in the one hundred and forty-third year. He went up against Israel and came to Jerusalem with a strong force.
21
He arrogantly entered the sanctuary and took the golden altar, the lampstand for the light, and all its utensils.
22
He took also the table for the bread of the Presence, the cups for drink offerings, the bowls, the golden censers, the curtain, the crowns, and the gold decoration on the front of the temple; he stripped it all off.
23
He took the silver and the gold, and the costly vessels; he took also the hidden treasures which he found.
24
Taking them all, he departed to his own land. He committed deeds of murder, and spoke with great arrogance.
25
Israel mourned deeply in every community,
26
rulers and elders groaned, maidens and young men became faint, the beauty of women faded.
27
Every bridegroom took up the lament; she who sat in the bridal chamber was mourning.
28
Even the land shook for its inhabitants, and all the house of Jacob was clothed with shame.