Ecclesiastes 2:1-12

The Vanity of Self-Indulgence

1 I 1said in my heart, "Come now, I will test you with pleasure; enjoy yourself." But behold, this also was vanity.
2 I 2said of laughter, "It is mad," and of pleasure, "What use is it?"
3 I 3searched with my heart how to cheer my body with wine--my heart still guiding me with wisdom--and how to lay hold on 4folly, till I might see what was good for the children of man to do under heaven during the few days of their life.
4 I made great works. I 5built houses and planted 6vineyards for myself.
5 I made myself 7gardens and parks, and planted in them all kinds of fruit trees.
6 I made myself pools from which to water the forest of growing trees.
7 I bought male and female slaves, and had 8slaves who were born in my house. I had also great possessions of 9herds and flocks, more than any who had been before me in Jerusalem.
8 I also gathered for myself silver and 10gold and the treasure of 11kings and 12provinces. I got 13singers, both men and women, and many 14concubines,[a] the delight of the children of man.
9 So I became great and 15surpassed all who were before me in Jerusalem. Also my 16wisdom remained with me.
10 And whatever my eyes desired I did not keep from them. I kept my heart from no pleasure, for my heart 17found pleasure in all my toil, and this was my 18reward for all my toil.
11 Then I considered all that my hands had done and the toil I had expended in doing it, and behold, all was 19vanity and a striving after wind, and there was nothing 20to be gained under the sun.

The Vanity of Living Wisely

12 21So I turned to consider 22wisdom and madness and folly. For what can the man do who comes after the king? Only 23what has already been done.

Ecclesiastes 2:1-12 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO ECCLESIASTES 2

Solomon, having made trial of natural wisdom and knowledge in its utmost extent, and found it to be vanity, proceeds to the experiment of pleasure, and tries whether any happiness was in that, Ec 2:1. As for that which at first sight was vain, frothy, and frolicsome, he dispatches at once, and condemns it as mad and unprofitable, Ec 2:2; but as for those pleasures which were more manly, rational, and lawful, he dwells upon them, and gives a particular enumeration of them, as what he had made full trial of; as good eating and drinking, in a moderate way, without abuse; fine and spacious buildings; delightful vineyards, gardens, and orchards; parks, forests, and enclosures; fish pools, and fountains of water; a large retinue, and equipage of servants; great possessions, immense riches and treasure; a collection of the greatest rarities, and curiosities in nature; all kinds of music, vocal and instrumental, Ec 2:3-8; in all which he exceeded any that went before him; nor did he deny himself of any pleasure, in a lawful way, that could possibly be enjoyed, Ec 2:9,10. And yet on a survey of the whole, and after a thorough experience of what could be found herein, he pronounces all vanity and vexation of spirit, Ec 2:11; and returns again to his former subject, wisdom; and looks that over again, to see if he could find real happiness in it, being sadly disappointed in that of pleasure, Ec 2:12. He indeed commends wisdom, and prefers it to folly, and a wise man to a fool; Ec 2:13,14; and yet observes some things which lessen its value; and shows there is no happiness in it, the same events befalling a wise man and a fool; both alike forgotten, and die in like manner, Ec 2:15,16. And then he takes into consideration business of life, and a laborious industry to obtain wealth; and this he condemns as grievous, hateful, and vexatious, because, after all a man's acquisitions, he knows not to whom he shall leave them, whether to a wise man or a fool, Ec 2:17-21. And because a man himself has no rest all his days, nothing but sorrow and grief, Ec 2:22,23; wherefore he concludes it is best for a man to enjoy the good things of this life himself; which he confirms by his own experience, and by an, antithesis between a good man and a wicked one, Ec 2:24-26.

Cross References 23

  • 1. Luke 12:19
  • 2. [Proverbs 14:13]
  • 3. [Ecclesiastes 1:17]
  • 4. Ecclesiastes 7:25
  • 5. See 1 Kings 7:1-12
  • 6. Song of Songs 8:11
  • 7. Song of Songs 4:16; Song of Songs 5:1
  • 8. Genesis 14:14; Genesis 15:3
  • 9. [1 Kings 4:23]
  • 10. 1 Kings 9:28; 1 Kings 10:10, 14, 21
  • 11. [1 Kings 4:21; 1 Kings 10:15]
  • 12. 1 Kings 20:14; Ezekiel 19:8
  • 13. 2 Samuel 19:35; 2 Chronicles 35:25
  • 14. 1 Kings 11:3
  • 15. 1 Chronicles 29:25; See Ecclesiastes 1:16
  • 16. 1 Chronicles 29:25; See Ecclesiastes 1:16
  • 17. [Proverbs 8:31]
  • 18. Ecclesiastes 3:22; Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 9:9
  • 19. See Ecclesiastes 1:14
  • 20. See Ecclesiastes 1:3
  • 21. Ecclesiastes 7:25
  • 22. See Ecclesiastes 1:17
  • 23. Ecclesiastes 1:9, 10

Footnotes 1

  • [a]. The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.