2 Samuel 3

The House of David Strengthened

1 Now 1there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David; and David grew steadily stronger, but the house of Saul grew weaker continually.
2 2Sons were born to David at Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, by 3Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;
3 and his second, Chileab, by Abigail the widow of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of 4Maacah, the daughter of Talmai, king of 5Geshur;
4 and the fourth, 6Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
5 and the sixth, Ithream, by David's wife Eglah. These were born to David at Hebron.

Abner Joins David

6 It came about while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David that 7Abner was making himself strong in the house of Saul.
7 Now Saul had a concubine whose name was 8Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah; and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, "Why have you gone in to my father's concubine?"
8 Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish-bosheth and said, "9Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? Today I show kindness to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers and to his friends, and have not delivered you into the hands of David; and yet today you charge me with a guilt concerning the woman.
9 "10May God do so to Abner, and more also, if 11as the LORD has sworn to David, I do not accomplish this for him,
10 12to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and to establish the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, 13from Dan even to Beersheba."
11 And he could no longer answer Abner a word, because he was afraid of him.
12 Then Abner sent messengers to David in his place, saying, "Whose is the land? Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring all Israel over to you."
13 He said, "Good! I will make a covenant with you, but I demand one thing of you, namely, 14you shall not see my face unless * you 15first bring Michal, Saul's daughter, when you come to see me."
14 So David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul's son, saying, "Give me my wife Michal, to whom I was betrothed 16for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines."
15 Ish-bosheth sent and took her from her husband, from Paltiel the son of Laish.
16 But her husband went with her, weeping as he went, and followed her as far as 17Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, "Go, return." So he returned.
17 Now Abner had consultation with 18the elders of Israel, saying, "In times * past you were seeking for David to be king over you.
18 "Now then, do it! For the LORD has spoken of David, saying, '19By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.' "
19 Abner also spoke in the hearing of Benjamin; and in addition Abner went to speak in the hearing of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel and to 20the whole house of Benjamin.
20 Then Abner and twenty men with him came to David at Hebron. And David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him.
21 Abner said to David, "Let me arise and go and 21gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that 22you may be king over all that your soul desires." So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
22 And behold, 23the servants of David and Joab came from a raid and brought much spoil with them; but Abner was not with David in Hebron, for he had sent him away, and he had gone in peace.
23 When Joab and all the army that was with him arrived, they told Joab, saying, "Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he has sent him away, and he has gone in peace."
24 Then Joab came to the king and said, "What have you done? Behold, Abner came to you; why then have you sent him away and he is already gone?
25 "You know Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive you and to learn of 24your going out and coming in and to find out all that you are doing."

Joab Murders Abner

26 When Joab came out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the well of Sirah; but David did not know it.
27 So when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the middle of the gate to speak with him privately, and there 25he struck him in the belly so that he died on account of the blood of Asahel his brother.
28 Afterward when David heard it, he said, "I and my kingdom are innocent before * the LORD forever * of the blood of Abner the son of Ner.
29 "26May it fall on the head of Joab and on all his father's house; and may there not fail from the house of Joab 27one who has a discharge, or who is a leper, or who takes hold of a distaff, or who falls by the sword, or who lacks bread."
30 So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner 28because * he had put their brother Asahel to death in the battle at Gibeon.

David Mourns Abner

31 Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, "29Tear your clothes and gird on sackcloth and lament before Abner." And King David walked behind the bier.
32 Thus they buried Abner in Hebron; and the king lifted up his voice and wept at 30the grave of Abner, and all the people wept.
33 31The king chanted a lament for Abner and said, "Should Abner die as a fool dies?
34 "Your hands were not bound, nor your feet put in fetters; As one falls before the wicked *, you have fallen." And all the people wept again over him.
35 Then all the people came 32to persuade David to eat bread while it was still day; but David vowed, saying, "33May God do so to me, and more also, if * I taste bread or anything else 34before the sun goes down."
36 Now all the people took note of it, and it pleased * them, just as everything * the king did pleased * all the people.
37 So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the will of the king to put Abner the son of Ner to death.
38 Then the king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?
39 "I am 35weak today, though anointed king; and these men 36the sons of Zeruiah are too difficult for me. 37May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil."

2 Samuel 3 Commentary

Chapter 3

David's power increases His family. (1-6) Abner revolts to David. (7-21) Joab kills Abner David mourns for him. (22-39)

Verses 1-6 The length of this war tried the faith and patience of David, and made his settlement at last the more welcome. The contest between grace and corruption in the hearts of believers, may fitly be compared to this warfare. There is a long war between them, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; but as the work of holiness is carried on, corruption, like the house of Saul, grows weaker and weaker; while grace, like the house of David, grows stronger and stronger.

Verses 7-21 Many, like Abner, are not above committing base crimes, who are too proud to bear reproof, or even the suspicion of being guilty. While men go on in sin, and apparently without concern, they are often conscious that they are fighting against God. Many mean to serve their own purposes; and will betray those who trust them, when they can get any advantage. Yet the Lord serves his own designs, even by those who are thus actuated by revenge, ambition, or lust; but as they intend not to honour him, in the end they will be thrown aside with contempt. There was real generosity both to Michal and to the memory of Saul, in David's receiving the former, remembering probably how once he owed his life to her affection, and knowing that she was separated from him partly by her father's authority. Let no man set his heart on that which he is not entitled to. If any disagreement has separated husband and wife, as they expect the blessing of God, let them be reconciled, and live together in love.

Verses 22-39 Judgments are prepared for such scorners as Abner; but Joab, in what he did, acted wickedly. David laid Abner's murder deeply to heart, and in many ways expressed his detestation of it. The guilt of blood brings a curse upon families: if men do not avenge it, God will. It is a sad thing to die like a fool, as they do that any way shorten their own days, and those who make no provision for another world. Who would be fond of power, when a man may have the name of it, and must be accountable for it, yet is hampered in the use of it? David ought to have done his duty, and then trusted God with the issue. Carnal policy spared Joab. The Son of David may long delay, but never fails to punish impenitent sinners. He who now reigns upon the throne of David, has a kingdom of a nobler kind. Whatever He doeth, is noticed by all his willing people, and is pleasing to them.

Cross References 37

  • 1. 1 Kings 14:30; Psalms 46:9
  • 2. 1 Chronicles 3:1-3
  • 3. 1 Samuel 25:42, 43
  • 4. 1 Samuel 27:8; 1 Chronicles 3:2
  • 5. 2 Samuel 14:32; 2 Samuel 15:8
  • 6. 1 Kings 1:5
  • 7. 2 Samuel 2:8, 9
  • 8. 2 Samuel 21:8-11
  • 9. 1 Samuel 24:14; 2 Samuel 9:8
  • 10. 1 Kings 19:2
  • 11. 1 Samuel 15:28
  • 12. 1 Samuel 15:28
  • 13. 1 Samuel 3:20
  • 14. Genesis 43:3
  • 15. 1 Samuel 18:20; 1 Samuel 19:11
  • 16. 1 Samuel 18:25, 27
  • 17. 2 Samuel 16:5; 2 Samuel 19:16
  • 18. 1 Samuel 8:4
  • 19. 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 15:28
  • 20. 1 Samuel 10:20, 21; 1 Chronicles 12:29
  • 21. 2 Samuel 3:10, 12
  • 22. 1 Kings 11:37
  • 23. 1 Samuel 27:8
  • 24. Deuteronomy 28:6; 1 Samuel 29:6; Isaiah 37:28
  • 25. 2 Samuel 2:23; 2 Samuel 20:9, 10; 1 Kings 2:5
  • 26. Deuteronomy 21:6-9; 1 Kings 2:31-33
  • 27. Leviticus 13:46
  • 28. 2 Samuel 2:23
  • 29. Genesis 37:34; Judges 11:35
  • 30. Job 31:28, 29; Proverbs 24:17
  • 31. 2 Samuel 1:17; 2 Chronicles 35:25
  • 32. 2 Samuel 12:17
  • 33. 1 Samuel 3:17
  • 34. 2 Samuel 1:12
  • 35. 1 Chronicles 29:1; 2 Chronicles 13:7
  • 36. 2 Samuel 19:5-7
  • 37. 1 Kings 2:32-34

Footnotes 12

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 3

This chapter begins with the continuation of the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, 2Sa 3:1; and gives an account of the wives of David, and his sons by them, 2Sa 3:2-5; of a quarrel between Ishbosheth and Abner, 2Sa 3:6-11; and of Abner's proposal to make a league with David; but David would not see his face unless Michal his wife was returned to him, who was accordingly, 2Sa 3:12-16; and of the interest Abner made with the elders of Israel in favour of David, which he reported to him, and promised to make more, 2Sa 3:17-21; but Joab returning from a pursuit, and with great spoil, just as Abner departed, and hearing of it, chided David for letting him go, and privately sent for him back, and treacherously murdered him, 2Sa 3:22-27; from which murder David cleared himself and his kingdom, and for it made dreadful imprecations on Joab and his family, 2Sa 3:28-30; and buried Abner with great lamentation, expressing much concern for his death, and the high opinion he had of him, 2Sa 3:31-39.

2 Samuel 3 Commentaries

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