Leviticus 2

The Grain Offering

1 "When anyone presents a grain offering as a gift to the Lord, his gift must consist of fine flour.[a] He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankincense on it,[b] [c]
2 and bring it to Aaron's sons the priests. The priest will take a handful of fine flour and oil from it, along with all its frankincense, and will burn this memorial portion of it on the altar, a fire offering of a pleasing aroma to the Lord.[d]
3 But the rest of the grain offering will belong to Aaron and his sons, the holiest part[e] of the fire offerings to the Lord.
4 "When you present a grain offering baked in an oven, it must be [made] of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers[f] coated with oil.
5 If your gift is a grain offering prepared on the griddle, it must be unleavened bread [made] of fine flour mixed with oil.
6 Break it into pieces and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.
7 If your gift is a grain offering [prepared][g] in a pan, it must be made of fine flour with oil.
8 When you bring[h] to the Lord the grain offering made in any of these ways, it is to be presented to the priest, and he will take it to the altar.
9 The priest will remove the memorial portion[i] from the grain offering and burn it on the altar, a fire offering of a pleasing aroma to the Lord.
10 But the rest of the grain offering will belong to Aaron and his sons,[j] the holiest part of the fire offerings to the Lord.
11 "No grain offering that you present to the Lord is to be made with yeast,[k] for you are not to burn[l] any yeast or honey as a fire offering to the Lord.
12 You may present them to the Lord as an offering of firstfruits,[m] but they are not to be offered on the altar as a pleasing aroma.
13 You are to season each of your grain offerings with salt; you must not omit from your grain offering the salt of the covenant[n] with your God. You are to present salt[o] with each of your offerings.
14 "If you present a grain offering of firstfruits to the Lord, you must present fresh heads of grain, crushed kernels, roasted on the fire, for your grain offering of firstfruits.
15 You are to put oil and frankincense on it; it is a grain offering.
16 The priest will then burn some of its crushed kernels and oil with all its frankincense as a fire offering to the Lord.

Leviticus 2 Commentary

Chapter 2

The meat-offering of flour. (1-11) The offering of first-fruits. (12-16)

Verses 1-11 Meat-offerings may typify Christ, as presented to God for us, and as being the Bread of life to our souls; but they rather seem to denote our obligation to God for the blessings of providence, and those good works which are acceptable to God. The term "meat" was, and still is, properly given to any kind of provision, and the greater part of this offering was to be eaten for food, not burned. These meat-offerings are mentioned after the burnt-offerings: without an interest in the sacrifice of Christ, and devotedness of heart to God, such services cannot be accepted. Leaven is the emblem of pride, malice, and hypocrisy, and honey of sensual pleasure. The former are directly opposed to the graces of humility, love, and sincerity, which God approves; the latter takes men from the exercises of devotion, and the practice of good works. Christ, in his character and sacrifice, was wholly free from the things denoted by leaven; and his suffering life and agonizing death were the very opposites to worldly pleasure. His people are called to follow, and to be like him.

Verses 12-16 Salt is required in all the offerings. God hereby intimates to them that their sacrifices, in themselves, were unsavoury. All religious services must be seasoned with grace. Christianity is the salt of the earth. Directions are given about offering their first-fruits at harvest. If a man, with a thankful sense of God's goodness in giving him a plentiful crop, was disposed to present an offering to God, let him bring the first ripe and full ears. Whatever was brought to God must be the best in its kind, though it were but green ears of corn. Oil and frankincense must be put upon it. Wisdom and humility soften and sweeten the spirits and services of young people, and their green ears of corn shall be acceptable. God takes delight in the first ripe fruits of the Spirit, and the expressions of early piety and devotion. Holy love to God is the fire by which all our offerings must be made. The frankincense denotes the mediation and intercession of Christ, by which our services are accepted. Blessed be God that we have the substance, of which these observances were but shadows. There is that excellency in Christ, and in his work as Mediator, which no types and shadows can fully represent. And our dependence thereon must be so entire, that we must never lose sight of it in any thing we do, if we would be accepted of God.

Footnotes 15

  • [a]. Wheat flour; Ex 29:2
  • [b]. DSS, Sam, LXX add it is a grain offering
  • [c]. Lv 24:7; Ex 29:41; Nm 15:4,6,9
  • [d]. Lv 2:9,16; 6:15; Nm 5:15,26
  • [e]. Lv 6:16-18; 7:6; Ezk 42:13; 44:12-13
  • [f]. Lv 6:16; Ex 12:8,15; Mt 16:6,11-12; 1 Co 5:6-8
  • [g]. Or [fried]
  • [h]. DSS, LXX read When he brings
  • [i]. Lit portion of it
  • [j]. Lv 7:9-10
  • [k]. Mk 8:15; Lk 12:1; 1 Co 5:8
  • [l]. Some Hb mss, Sam, LXX, Tg read present
  • [m]. Ex 23:19; Dt 18:4; 2 Ch 31:5; Neh 10:37
  • [n]. Nm 18:19; 2 Ch 13:5
  • [o]. Salt, used as a preservative, is a symbol of the permanence of the covenant.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO LEVITICUS 2

This chapter contains the law of the meat offering, and gives an account of what it was made of, fine flour, with oil poured, and frankincense put upon it, Le 2:1 what was done with it; part of it burnt upon the altar, and the rest was the property of the priests, Le 2:2,3,8-10 how it was to be when baked in an oven, or in a pan, or fried in a frying pan, Le 2:4-7 what was prohibited in it, leaven and honey, Le 2:11 what was to be used in it, salt, Le 2:13 and what was to be the oblation and meat offering of the first fruits, and what to be done with it, Le 2:12,14-16.

Leviticus 2 Commentaries

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