Numbers 23

Balaam's Oracles

1 Then Balaam said to Balak, "Build me seven altars here and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me."
2 So Balak did as Balaam directed, and they offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
3 Balaam said to Balak, "Stay here by your burnt offering while I am gone. Maybe the Lord [a] will meet with me. I will tell you whatever He reveals to me." So he went to a barren hill.
4 God[b] met with him and Balaam said to Him, "I have arranged seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
5 Then the Lord put a message in Balaam's mouth and said, "Return to Balak and say what I tell you."
6 So he returned to Balak, who was standing there by his burnt offering with all the officials of Moab.

Balaam's First Oracle

7 Balaam proclaimed his poem: Balak brought me from Aram;[c] the king of Moab, from the eastern mountains: "Come, put a curse on Jacob for me; come, denounce Israel!"[d]
8 How can I curse someone God has not cursed? How can I denounce someone the Lord has not denounced?
9 I see them from the top of rocky cliffs, and I watch them from the hills. There is a people living alone;[e] it does not consider itself among the nations.
10 Who has counted the dust of Jacob or numbered the dust clouds[f] of Israel? Let me die the death of the upright; let the end of my [life] be like theirs.
11 "What have you done to me?" Balak asked Balaam. "I brought you to curse my enemies, but look, you have only blessed [them]!"
12 He answered, "Shouldn't I say exactly what the Lord puts in my mouth?"

Balaam's Second Oracle

13 Then Balak said to him, "Please come with me to another place where you can see them. You will only see the outskirts of their camp; you won't see all of them. From there, put a curse on them for me."
14 So Balak took him to Lookout Field[g] on top of Pisgah, built seven altars, and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
15 Balaam said to Balak, "Stay here by your burnt offering while I seek [the Lord] over there."
16 The Lord met with Balaam and put a message in his mouth. Then He said, "Return to Balak and say what I tell you."
17 So he returned to Balak, who was standing there by his burnt offering with the officials of Moab. Balak asked him, "What did the Lord say?"
18 Balaam proclaimed his poem: Balak, get up and listen; son of Zippor, pay attention to what I say!
19 God is not a man who lies, or a son of man who changes His mind. Does He speak and not act, or promise and not fulfill?[h]
20 I have indeed received [a command] to bless; since He has blessed,[i] I cannot change it.
21 He considers no disaster for Jacob; He sees no trouble for Israel.[j] The Lord their God is with them, [k] and there is rejoicing over the King among them.
22 God brought them out of Egypt; He is like the horns of a wild ox for them.[l] [m]
23 There is no magic curse against Jacob and no divination against Israel. It will now be said about Jacob and Israel, "What [great things] God has done!"
24 A people rise up like a lioness; They rouse themselves like a lion.[n] They will not lie down until they devour the prey and drink the blood of the slain.
25 Then Balak told Balaam, "Don't curse them and don't bless them!"
26 But Balaam answered him, "Didn't I tell you: Whatever the Lord says, I must do?"[o]

Balaam's Third Oracle

27 Again Balak said to Balaam, "Please come. I will take you to another place. Maybe it will be agreeable to God that you can put a curse on them for me there."
28 So Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which overlooks the wasteland.[p] [q]
29 Balaam told Balak, "Build me seven altars here and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me."
30 So Balak did as Balaam said and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.

Numbers 23 Commentary

Chapter 23

Balak's sacrifice, Balaam pronounces a blessing instead of a curse. (1-10) Balak's disappointment, and second sacrifice, Balaam again blesses Israel. (11-30)

Verses 1-10 With the camps of Israel full in view, Balaam ordered seven altars to be built, and a bullock and a ram to be offered on each. Oh the sottishness of superstition, to imagine that God will be at man's beck! The curse is turned into a blessing, by the overruling power of God, in love to Israel. God designed to serve his own glory by Balaam, and therefore met him. If God put a word into the mouth of Balaam, who would have defied God and Israel, surely he will not be wanting to those who desire to glorify God, and to edify his people; it shall be given what they should speak. He who opened the mouth of the ass, caused the mouth of this wicked man to speak words as contrary to the desire of his heart, as those of the ass were to the powers of the brute. The miracle was as great in the one case as in the other. Balaam pronounces Israel safe. He owns he could do no more than God suffered him to do. He pronounces them happy in their distinction from the rest of the nations. Happy in their numbers, which made them both honourable and formidable. Happy in their last end. Death is the end of all men; even the righteous must die, and it is good for us to think of this with regard to ourselves, as Balaam does here, speaking of his own death. He pronounces the righteous truly blessed, not only while they live, but when they die; which makes their death even more desirable than life itself. But there are many who desire to die the death of the righteous, but do not endeavour to live the life of the righteous; gladly would they have an end like theirs, but not a way like theirs. They would be saints in heaven, but not saints on earth. This saying of Balaam's is only a wish, not a prayer; it is a vain wish, being only a wish for the end, without any care for the means. Many seek to quiet their consciences with the promise of future amendment, or take up with some false hope, while they neglect the only way of salvation, by which a sinner can be righteous before God.

Verses 11-30 Balak was angry with Balaam. Thus a confession of God's overruling power is extorted from a wicked prophet, to the confusion of a wicked prince. A second time the curse is turned into a blessing; and this blessing is both larger and stronger than the former. Men change their minds, and break their words; but God never changes his mind, and therefore never recalls his promise. And when in Scripture he is said to repent, it does not mean any change of his mind; but only a change of his way. There was sin in Jacob, and God saw it; but there was not such as might provoke him to give them up to ruin. If the Lord sees that we trust in his mercy, and accept of his salvation; that we indulge no secret lust, and continue not in rebellion, but endeavour to serve and glorify him; we may be sure that he looks upon us as accepted in Christ, that our sins are all pardoned. Oh the wonders of providence and grace, the wonders of redeeming love, of pardoning mercy, of the new-creating Spirit! Balak had no hope of ruining Israel, and Balaam showed that he had more reason to fear being ruined by them. Since Balaam cannot say what he would have him, Balak wished him to say nothing. But though there are many devices in man's heart, God's counsels shall stand. Yet they resolve to make another attempt, though they had no promise on which to build their hopes. Let us, who have a promise that the vision at the end shall speak and not lie, continue earnest in prayer, ( Luke 18:1 ) .

Footnotes 17

  • [a]. DSS, LXX, Sam read Maybe God
  • [b]. DSS, Sam read The Angel of God
  • [c]. Dt 23:4
  • [d]. Nm 22:6,17
  • [e]. Dt 33:28
  • [f]. Or numbered a fourth
  • [g]. Or to the field of Zophim
  • [h]. 1 Sm 15:29; Rm 11:29; 2 Tm 2:13; Heb 6:17-18
  • [i]. Sam, LXX read since I will bless
  • [j]. Or He does not observe sin in Jacob; He does not see wrongdoing in Israel, or Disaster is not observed in Jacob; trouble is not seen in Israel
  • [k]. Dt 2:7; 20:1; Jos 1:17; Zph 3:17; Rv 21:3
  • [l]. Or Egypt; they have the horns of a wild ox
  • [m]. Nm 24:8
  • [n]. Nm 24:9
  • [o]. Nm 22:38
  • [p]. Or overlooks Jeshimon
  • [q]. Nm 21:20

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 23

This chapter gives an account of the sacrifices offered by Balak and Balaam, and how God met Balsam, and put a word into his mouth, which he delivered in the presence of the king of Moab and his princes, Nu 23:1-7, the substance of which are, the separate state and condition of Israel from other nations, their number, and the happiness of the righteous at death, Nu 23:8-10, which made Balak uneasy, since instead of cursing he blessed Israel, and therefore he had him to another place to take a view of the people, Nu 23:11-13 where having offered sacrifices, another word was put into the mouth of Balaam, and which he also delivered before the king and his nobles, Nu 23:14-18, in which were expressed the unchangeableness of God, the irreversibleness of the blessing of Israel, the strength, safety, happiness, and glory of that people, Nu 23:19-24 which made Balak more uneasy still; but willing to try him a third time, he carried him to another place, and there built altars, and offered sacrifices, the consequence of which is related in the next chapter, Nu 23:25-30.

Numbers 23 Commentaries

Holman Christian Standard Bible ® Copyright © 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999 by Holman Bible Publishers.  Used by permission.  All rights reserved.