2 Samuele 1

1 ORA, dopo la morte di Saulle, Davide, essendo ritornato dalla sconfitta degli Amalechiti, dimorò in Siclag due giorni.

2 Ed al terzo giorno, ecco, un uomo venne dal campo, d’appresso a Saulle, avendo i vestimenti stracciati, e della terra sopra la testa; e, come egli giunse a Davide, si gittò in terra, e gli fece riverenza.

3 E Davide gli disse: Onde vieni? Ed egli gli disse: Io sono scampato dal campo d’Israele.

4 E Davide gli disse: Come è andato il fatto? deh! raccontamelo. Ed egli disse: Il popolo è fuggito dalla battaglia, ed anche molti del popolo son caduti, e morti. Saulle anch’egli, e Gionatan, suo figliuolo, son morti.

5 E Davide disse al giovane che gli raccontava queste cose: Come sai tu che Saulle, e Gionatan, suo figliuolo, sieno morti?

6 E il giovane che gli raccontava queste cose, gli disse: Io mi scontrai a caso nel monte di Ghilboa; ed ecco, Saulle era chinato sopra la sua lancia, e già i carri e la gente a cavallo lo stringevano di presso.

7 Allora egli, voltosi indietro, mi vide, e mi chiamò. Ed io gli dissi: Eccomi.

8 E egli mi disse: Chi sei tu? Ed io gli disse: Io sono Amalechita.

9 Ed egli mi disse: Mettimi, ti prego, il piede addosso, e fammi morire; perciocchè questa armatura di maglia mi ha rattenuto; e tutta la mia vita è ancora in me.

10 Io adunque gli misi il piede addosso, e lo feci morire; perciocchè io sapeva ch’egli non potea vivere, dopo essersi lasciato cadere sopra la sua lancia; poi presi la benda reale ch’egli avea sopra la testa, e la maniglia ch’egli avea al braccio, e le ho recate qua al mio signore.

11 Allora Davide prese i suoi vestimenti, e li stracciò. Il simigliante fecero ancora tutti gli uomini ch’erano con lui;

12 e fecero cordoglio, e piansero, e digiunarono infino alla sera, per cagion di Saulle, e di Gionatan, suo figliuolo, e del popolo del Signore, e della casa d’Israele; perciocchè erano caduti per la spada.

13 Poi Davide disse al giovane che gli avea portate le novelle: Onde sei? Ed egli gli disse: Io son figliuolo d’un uomo forestiere Amalechita.

14 E Davide gli disse: Come non hai temuto di metter la mano ad ammazzar l’Unto del Signore? E Davide chiamò uno de’ fanti, e gli disse:

15 Vien qua, avventati sopra lui. E colui lo percosse, ed egli morì.

16 E Davide gli disse: Sia il tuo sangue sopra il tuo capo; perciocchè la tua bocca stessa ha testimoniato contro a te, dicendo: Io ho fatto morir l’Unto del Signore.

17 ALLORA Davide fece questo lamento sopra Saulle, e sopra Gionatan, suo figliuolo;

18 e lo pronunziò, per ammaestrare i figliuoli di Giuda a tirar l’arco ecco, esso è scritto nel Libro del Diritto:

19 O gentil paese d’Israele, Sopra i tuoi alti luoghi giacciono gli uccisi; Come son caduti gli uomini valorosi!

20 Nol rapportate in Gat, E non ne recate le novelle nelle piazze di Ascalon; Che talora le figliuole de’ Filistei non se ne rallegrino; Che talora le figliuole degl’incirconcisi non ne facciano festa.

21 O monti di Ghilboa, Sopra voi non sia giammai nè rugiada, nè pioggia, Nè campi da portare offerte; Perciocchè quivi è stato gittato via lo scudo de’ prodi, Lo scudo di Saulle, come se egli non fosse stato unto con olio.

22 L’arco di Gionatan non si rivolgea indietro, Che non avesse sparso il sangue degli uccisi, E trafitto il grasso de’ prodi, E la spada di Saulle non se ne ritornava a vuoto.

23 Saulle e Gionatan, amabili e piacevoli in vita loro, Eziandio nella morte loro non sono stati separati. Erano più veloci che aquile. Più forti che leoni.

24 Figliuole d’Israele, piangete per cagion di Saulle, Il qual faceva ch’eravate vestite di scarlatto in delizie; Il qual faceva che mettevate de’ fregi d’oro in su le vostre robe.

25 Come son caduti i prodi in mezzo della battaglia! E come è stato ucciso Gionatan sopra i tuoi alti luoghi, O paese d’Israele!

26 Gionatan, fratello mio, io son distretto per cagion di te; Tu mi eri molto piacevole; L’amor tuo mi era più singolare che l’amore che si porta alle donne.

27 Come son caduti i prodi, E son periti gli arnesi da guerra!

2 Samuele 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the state of religion. With these events are recorded the grievous sins he committed, and the family as well as public troubles with which he was punished. We here meet with many things worthy of imitation, and many that are written for our warning. The history of king David is given in Scripture with much faithfulness, and from it he appears, to those who fairly balance his many virtues and excellent qualities against his faults, to have been a great and good man.

Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1-10) The Amalekite is put to death. (11-16) David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17-27)

Verses 1-10 The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.

Verses 11-16 David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.

Verses 17-27 Kasheth, or "the bow," probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL

This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, because, by some, this, with the preceding, has been reckoned but one book: hence the Jews say {a}, Samuel wrote his book, not his books; in others it is called Samuel Second; and by the Vulgate Latin the Second Book of Samuel, which we call the Second of Kings; though why his name should be put to it at all I see not, since it neither concerns him, nor could it be written by him, being an history of events after his death. The Greek version calls it the Second of Kings; and the Syriac version, the Second Book of the Kings of Israel; whereas there is but one king of Israel it makes mention of, and of whose actions only it is an history; and therefore with greater propriety it is called, as the Arabic version, the Book of David the Prophet, of whose reign, from the beginning to the end of it, it gives an account: wherefore Isidore {b} thinks it was written by David; and if so, it has this mark of simplicity and integrity, that the writer does not spare himself, nor conceal his own faults, and particularly that very capital one, the affair of Bathsheba, and also his numbering of the people; but it is most probable that it was written by Nathan and Gad {c}, see 1Ch 29:29; but whoever was the penman of it, there is no doubt to be made of its being written by inspiration, or that it is canonical; which has never been questioned, since there stands in it a famous prophecy concerning the building of the temple by a son of David, which had an exact accomplishment, 2Sa 7:12,13; as well as of the family of David, for a great while to come, which also was fulfilled, 2Sa 7:19; and an eminent passage concerning the Messiah, the son of David, and of his divine sonship, 2Sa 7:14; quoted by the Apostle Paul in proof of it, Heb 1:5. It contains an history of about forty years, for so long David reigned, seven years and six months in Hebron, over Judah, and thirty three years in Jerusalem, over all Israel and Judah; and this book relates his last words.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {c} Alting. Theolog. Hist. loc. 2. p. 86.

\\INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter contains an account of the death of Saul and Jonathan, as related to David by an Amalekite, 2Sa 1:1-10; of the sorrow he and his men were filled with at the news of it, 2Sa 1:11,12; of his order to put to death the messenger that brought the tidings, for his concern in the death of Saul, according to his own testimony, 2Sa 1:13-16; and of a lamentation composed by David on this occasion, 2Sa 1:17-27.