1 Samuel 24:3

3 He came to some sheep pens along the road where there was a cave. Saul went into [it] to relieve himself while David and his men were sitting further back in the cave.

1 Samuel 24:3 Meaning and Commentary

1 Samuel 24:3

And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where [was] a cave,
&c.] For the sheep to be led into at noon, to shelter them from the heat: such was the cave of Polyphemus, observed by Bochart F26, in which sheep and goats lay down and slept; (See Gill on Zephaniah 2:6);

and Saul went in to cover his feet;
the Targum is, to do his necessaries; and so Josephus F1; and the Jewish commentators generally understand it of easing nature; and as the eastern people used to wear long and loose garments, these, when they performed such an action, they used in modesty to gather them close about them, that no part of the body, their feet, and especially the parts of nature which should be concealed, might be seen; but the Syriac and Arabic versions render it, "and there he lay" or "slept"; which suggest, that his going into the cave was in order to take some sleep and rest, when it was usual to cover the feet, both to prevent taking cold, and the private parts of the body being exposed to view; and this accounts better for Saul not hearing David's men in the cave, and for his being insensible of David's cuttings off the skirt of his garment, and best agrees with the use of the phrase in ( Judges 3:24 ) ; the only place besides this in which it is used; (See Gill on Judges 3:24);

and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave;
unseen and unobserved by Saul, even six hundred of them; nor need this seem strange, since in those parts of the world there were caves exceeding large, made so either by nature or art. Vansleb F2 speaks of a cave in Egypt so extraordinary large, that, without hyperbole, a thousand horses might there draw up in battle array, and of another larger than that; and Strabo says F3, that towards Arabia and Iturea are mountains difficult to be passed, and in which are deep caves, one of which would hold four thousand men: and as the mouths of these caves were generally narrow, and the further parts of them large, and also dark, persons at the entrance of them could be seen, when those in the more remote parts could not; and this cave is said to be extremely dark F4; which accounts for Saul's being seen when he came into the cave, whereas David and his men could not be seen by him.


FOOTNOTES:

F26 Hierozoic. par. 1. l. 2. c. 45. col. 467, 468.
F1 Antiqu. l. 6. c. 13. sect. 4.
F2 Relation of a Voyage, p. 227.
F3 Geograph. l. 16. p. 520.
F4 Le Bruyn's Voyage to the Levant, ch. 51. p. 199.

1 Samuel 24:3 In-Context

1 When Saul came back from [fighting] the Philistines, he was told "Now David is in the desert near En Gedi."
2 Then Saul took 3,000 of the best-trained men from all Israel and went to search for David and his men on the Rocks of the Wild Goats.
3 He came to some sheep pens along the road where there was a cave. Saul went into [it] to relieve himself while David and his men were sitting further back in the cave.
4 David's men told him, "Today is the day the LORD referred to when he said, 'I'm going to hand your enemy over to you. You will do to him whatever you think is right.'" David quietly got up and cut off the border of Saul's robe.
5 But afterward, David's conscience bothered him because he had cut off the border of Saul's robe.
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