Matthew 12:2

2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.

Matthew 12:2 Meaning and Commentary

Matthew 12:2

But when the Pharisees saw it
Who went along with him, or followed him, being employed to make observation on his words and actions,

they said unto him;
Luke says, "unto them", the disciples: it seems, they took notice of this action both to Christ and his disciples, and first spoke of it to the one, and then to the other, or to both together:

behold thy disciples do that which it is not lawful to do upon the
sabbath day!
they mention it with astonishment, and indignation. What they refer to, is not their walking on the sabbath day: this they might do, according to their canons, provided they did not exceed two thousand cubits, which were a sabbath day's journey F6 nor was it their passing through the corn fields; though, according to them F7,

``it was not lawful for a man to visit his gardens, (wytwdvw) , "or his fields", on the sabbath day, to see what they want, or how the fruits grow; for such walking is to do his own pleasure.''

But this they knew was not the case of Christ, and his disciples, who were not proprietors of these fields: nor was it merely their plucking the ears of corn, and rubbing and eating them, which were not their own, but another man's; for this, according to the law, in ( Deuteronomy 23:25 ) was lawful to be done: but what offended the Pharisees was, that it was done on a sabbath day, it being, as they interpret it, a servile work, and all one as reaping; though, in the law just mentioned, it is manifestly distinguished from it. Their rule is F8

``he that reaps (on the sabbath day) ever so little, is guilty (of stoning), (awh ruwq hdlwt vlwtw) , and "plucking of ears of corn is a derivative of reaping";''

and is all one as its primitive, and punishable with the same kind of death, if done presumptuously: so Philo the Jew observes F9, that the rest of the sabbath not only reached to men, bond and free, and to beasts, but even to trees, and plants; and that (ou ernov ou) (kladon, all' oude petalon efeitai temein) , "it was not lawful to cut a plant, or branch, or so much as a leaf", on a sabbath day: and it may be what might make this offence of the disciples the more heinous was, that they plucked these ears, and ate them, and so broke their fast before morning prayer; for a man might not eat any thing on a sabbath day until morning prayers were ended in the synagogue, nor indeed on any other day; for they used not to eat bread till after they had offered the daily sacrifice, which was about the third hour of the day, or nine o'clock in the morning; nor did they eat till the fourth hour, or ten o'clock F11.


FOOTNOTES:

F6 Ib. c. 27. sect. 1.
F7 R. Moses Kotzensis Mitzvot Tora prec. neg. 65.
F8 Maimon. Hilch. Sabbat, c. 8. sect. 3. & 7. 1.
F9 De Vita Mosis, 1. 2. p. 657.
F11 Vid. Targum in Eccl. x. 17. Maimon. Hilch. Tephilla, c. 6. sect. 4.

Matthew 12:2 In-Context

1 At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.
2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.
3 But he said unto them,Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;
4 How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?
5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?
The King James Version is in the public domain.