Deuteronomy 33

Blessings of Moses on Israel

1 Now this [is] the blessing [with] which Moses, the man of God, blessed the {Israelites} {before} his death.
2 Then he said, "Yahweh came from Sinai, and he dawned upon them from Seir; he shone forth from Mount Paran, and he came with myriads of holy ones, at his right hand a fiery law for them.
3 Moreover, {he loves his people}, all the holy ones [were] in your hand, and they bowed down to your feet, {each one accepted directions from you}.
4 A law Moses instructed for us, [as a] possession [for] the assembly of Jacob.
5 And [then] a king arose in Jeshurun, at the gathering of the leaders of [the] people, {united were the tribes of Israel}.
6 "May Reuben live, and may he not die, {and let his number not be few}."
7 {And he said this of Judah}, "Hear, O Yahweh, the voice of Judah, and bring him to his people; his own hands strive for him, and may you be a help {against} his foes."
8 And of Levi he said, "Your Thummim and your Urim [are] for {your faithful one}, {whom you tested at Massah}; you contended [with] him at the waters of Meribah.
9 The [one] saying of his father and of his mother, 'I have not regarded them,' and his brothers he [did] not acknowledge, and his children [he did] not know, but [rather] they observed your word, and your covenant they kept.
10 They taught your regulations to Jacob, and your law to Israel; they placed incense smoke {before you}, and whole burnt offerings on your altar.
11 Bless, O Yahweh, his substance, and with the work of his hands you must be pleased; smite the loins of those who attack him, and those hating him, {so that they cannot arise}."
12 Of Benjamin he said, "The beloved of Yahweh dwells {securely}, the Most High shields [all] around him, all the day, and between his shoulders he dwells."
13 And of Joseph he said, "Blessed by Yahweh [is] his land, with the choice things of heaven, with dew, and with the deep lying down beneath,
14 and with [the] choice things of [the] fruits of the [the] sun, and with the choice things of [the] yield of [the] {seasons},
15 and with the finest things of [the] ancient mountains, and with [the] choice things of [the] {eternal hills},
16 and with the choice things of [the] earth and its fullness, and the favor of [the one] {who dwelt} in [the] bush. Let them come to the head of Joseph, and to the crown of the prince among his brothers.
17 [As] the firstborn of his ox, majesty {belongs to him}, and his horns [are] [the] horns of a wild ox; with them he drives people together, and they [are] the myriads of Ephraim, and they [are] the thousands of Manasseh."
18 And of Zebulun he said, "Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and [rejoice], Issachar, in your tents;
19 They summon people [to the] mountains; there they sacrifice the sacrifices of righteousness, because the affluence of [the] seas they suck [out], and {the most hidden treasures of the sand}."
20 And of Gad he said, "Blessed [be] {the one who enlarges Gad}; like a lion he dwells, and he tears an arm as well as a scalp.
21 And he selected [the] best [part] for himself, for there [the] portion of a ruler [is] included, and he came [with the] heads of [the] people; he did the righteousness of Yahweh, and his regulations for Israel."
22 And of Dan he said, "Dan [is] a cub of [a] lion; he leaps from Bashan."
23 And of Naphtali, he said, "Oh, Naphtali, sated of favor, and full of the blessing of Yahweh; take possession of [the] lake, and [the land to the] south."
24 And of Asher he said, "Blessed {more than sons} [is] Asher; {may he be the favorite} of his brothers, {dipping his feet in the oil}.
25 Your bars [are] iron and bronze, and as your days, [so is] your strength."
26 "There is no [one] like God, O, Jeshurun, who rides [through] the heavens to your help, and with his majesty [through the] skies.
27 The God of {ancient time} [is] a hiding place, and underneath [are] [the] arms of eternity, and he drove out {from before} you your enemy, and he said, 'Destroy [them]!'
28 So Israel dwells alone [and] carefree, the spring of Jacob in a land of grain and wine; his heavens even drip dew.
29 Blessed [are] you, O Israel. Who is like you, a people who [is] saved by Yahweh, the shield of your help, and who [is] the sword of your triumph, and your enemies, they shall fawn before you, and you shall tread on their backs."

Deuteronomy 33 Commentary

Chapter 33

The glorious majesty of God. (1-5) The blessings of the twelve tribes. (6-23) Strength to believers. (24,25) The excellency of Israel. (26-29)

Verses 1-5 To all his precepts, warnings, and prophecies, Moses added a solemn blessing. He begins with a description of the glorious appearances of God, in giving the law. His law works like fire. If received, it is melting, warming, purifying, and burns up the dross of corruption; if rejected, it hardens, sears, pains, and destroys. The Holy Spirit came down in cloven tongues, as of fire; for the gospel also is a fiery law. The law of God written in the heart, is a certain proof of the love of God shed abroad there: we must reckon His law one of the gifts of his grace.

Verses 6-23 The order in which the tribes are here blessed, is not the same as is observed elsewhere. The blessing of Judah may refer to the whole tribe in general, or to David as a type of Christ. Moses largely blesses the tribe of Levi. Acceptance with God is what we should all aim at, and desire, in all our devotions, ( 2 Corinthians. 5:9 ) prophecy, that God will keep up a ministry in his church to the end of time. The tribe of Benjamin had their inheritance close to mount Zion. To be situated near the ordinances, is a precious gift from the Lord, a privilege not to be exchanged for any worldly advantage, or indulgence. We should thankfully receive the earthly blessings sent to us, through the successive seasons. But those good gifts which come down from the Father of lights, through the rising of the Sun of righteousness, and the pouring out of his Spirit like the rain which makes fruitful, are infinitely more precious, as the tokens of his special love. The precious things here prayed for, are figures of spiritual blessing in heavenly things by Christ, the gifts, graces, and comforts of the Spirit. When Moses prays for the good will of Him that dwelt in the bush, he refers to the covenant, on which all our hopes of God's favour must be founded. The providence of God appoints men's habitations, and wisely disposes men to different employments for the public good. Whatever our place and business are, it is our wisdom and duty to apply thereto; and it is happiness to be well pleased therewith. We should not only invite others to the service of God, but abound in it. The blessing of Naphtali. The favour of God is the only favour satisfying to the soul. Those are happy indeed, who have the favour of God; and those shall have it, who reckon that in having it they have enough, and desire no more.

Verses 24-25 All shall be sanctified to true believers; if their way be rough, their feet shall be shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace. As thy days, so shall thy strength be. The "day" is often in Scripture put for the events of the day; it is a promise that God would graciously and constantly support under trials and troubles, whatever they were. It is a promise sure to all the spiritual seed of Abraham. Have they work allotted? They shall have strength to do it. Have they burdens appointed? They shall have strength, and never be tempted above what they are able to bear.

Verses 26-29 None had such a God as Israel. There is no people like the Israel of God. What is here said of the church of Israel is to be applied to the spiritual church. Never were people so well seated and sheltered. Those who make God their habitation, shall have all the comforts and benefits of a habitation in him, Ps. 91:1 . Never were people so well supported and borne up. How low soever the people of God are at any time brought, everlasting arms are underneath them, to keep the spirit from sinking, from fainting, and their faith from failing. Divine grace is ( 2 Corinthians. 12:9 ) commanded. Thus believers are more than conquerors over their spiritual enemies, through Christ that loved them. Never were people so well secured and protected. Israel shall dwell in safety alone. All who keep close to God, shall be kept safe by him. Never were people so well provided for. Every true Israelite looks with faith to the better country, the heavenly Canaan, which is filled with better things than corn and wine. Never were people so well helped. If in danger of any harm, or in want of any good, they had an eternal God to go to. Nothing could hurt those whom God helped, nor was it possible the people should perish who were saved by the Lord. Never were people so well armed. Those in whose hearts is the excellency of holiness, are defended by the whole armour of God, ( Ephesians 6 ) . Never were people so well assured of victory over their enemies. Thus shall the God of peace tread Satan under the feet of all believers, and shall do it shortly, ( Romans 16:20 ) . May God help us to seek and to set our affections on the things above; and to turn our souls from earthly perishing objects; that we may not have our lot with Israel's foes in the regions of darkness and despair, but with the Israel of God, in the realms of love and eternal happiness.

Footnotes 52

  • [a]. Or "And"
  • [b]. Literally "sons/children of Israel"
  • [c]. Literally "to the face of"
  • [d]. Or "And"
  • [e]. Or "Indeed"
  • [f]. Literally "a lover of peoples"
  • [g]. Or "at"
  • [h]. Literally "he takes up from your words"
  • [i]. Literally "together the tribes of Israel"
  • [j]. Literally "let he be his people [of] number"
  • [k]. Literally "and this concerning/to Judah, and he said"
  • [l]. Or "is/are great" on his behalf
  • [m]. Literally "from"
  • [n]. Literally "man, your faithful one"
  • [o]. Literally "whom you tested him at Massah"
  • [p]. Or "sons"
  • [q]. Or "teach/will teach"
  • [r]. Literally "in your nose"
  • [s]. Literally "so that not they stand up"
  • [t]. Literally "in confidence"
  • [u]. This is the most likely reading in context (Most High God). Literally the Hebrew text reads "upon him," so the NASV translates the first line as: dwell in security "by him"
  • [v]. Hebrew "from"
  • [w]. Hebrew "from"
  • [x]. Hebrew "from"
  • [y]. Hebrew "from"
  • [z]. Or "produce of"
  • [aa]. Literally "months"
  • [ab]. Hebrew "from"
  • [ac]. Hebrew "from"
  • [ad]. Literally "[the] hills of eternity [never ending ages]"
  • [ae]. Hebrew "from"
  • [af]. Literally "dwells" but context puts the event into the past; literally "dweller of the bush"
  • [ag]. Some scholars suggest that this expression must be read as: on Sinai
  • [ah]. Literally "is for him"
  • [ai]. Or "all at once" (NASB)
  • [aj]. Hebrew "mountain"
  • [ak]. Literally "[the] covered of [the] hidden of [the] sand"
  • [al]. Literally "the enlarger of Gad"
  • [am]. Or "provided"
  • [an]. Hebrew "for him"
  • [ao]. Or possibly, "the heads of the people came/assembled" (compare NEB)
  • [ap]. Or "worked"
  • [aq]. Hebrew "the Bashan," referring to a well-known geographical and agricultural area
  • [ar]. Literally "blessed from/of sons [is]" features the comparative use the Hebrew preposition min, "than"
  • [as]. Literally "may he be favored"
  • [at]. Literally "and dipping in [the] oil his feet"
  • [au]. Or "will be"
  • [av]. Or "so will be/may be"
  • [aw]. Literally "before/earlier time[s]"
  • [ax]. Or "everlasting ages" or "everlasting arms"
  • [ay]. Literally "from your face"
  • [az]. Hebrew "to you"

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 33

This chapter relates the blessings Moses pronounced upon the people of Israel a little before his death; first, in general, on account of their having a law given them in so glorious a manner, De 33:1-5; then, in particular, each of the tribes distinctly is blessed, Reuben, De 33:6; Judah, De 33:7; Levi, De 33:8-11; Benjamin, De 33:12; Joseph, De 33:13-17; Zebulun and Issachar, De 33:18,19; Gad, De 33:20,21; Dan, De 33:22; Naphtali, De 33:23; Asher, De 33:24,25; and the chapter is concluded with some strong intimations of what God was unto the people of Israel in general, and of what he had done and would do for them; all which are expressive of their great happiness, De 33:26-29.

Deuteronomy 33 Commentaries

Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.