Ezekiel 16

God’s Covenant Grace to Unfaithful and Rebellious Israel

1 And the word of Yahweh {came} to me, {saying},
2 "Son of man, make known to Jerusalem its detestable things,
3 and you must say, 'Thus says the Lord Yahweh to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth [were] from the land of the Canaanites, your father [was] an Amorite, and your mother [was] a Hittite.
4 And [as for] your birth, {on the day you were born} your umbilical cord was not cut, and {you were not thoroughly washed clean with water}, and {you were not thoroughly rubbed with salt}, and {you were not carefully wrapped in strips of cloth}.
5 {No eye took pity on you} to do to you one of these [things] to show compassion for you, and you were thrown {into the open field} in [their] despising of you {on the day you were born}.
6 " 'And I passed by you, and I saw you kicking about in your blood, and I said to you in your blood, "Live!
7 Grow up; I will make you like a plant of the field." And you grew up, and you became tall and {reached full womanhood}. [Your] breasts were formed, and your hair had grown, but you [were] naked and bare.
8 " 'And I passed by you, and I saw you, and look, {your time of lovemaking had come}, and [so] I spread out my hem over you, and I covered your nakedness, and I swore to you, and I entered into a covenant with you,' {declares} the Lord Yahweh, 'and {you became mine}.
9 And I washed you with water, and I rinsed off your blood from on you, and I anointed you with oil.
10 And I clothed you [with] beautiful finished cloth, and I put sandals [on] you [of] fine leather, and I bound you in fine linen, and I covered you [with] costly fabric.
11 And I adorned you [with] ornaments, and I put a bracelet on your arms and a necklace on your neck.
12 And I put an ornamental ring on your nose and earrings on your ears and a {beautiful crown} on your head.
13 And you adorned yourself with gold and silver, and your clothing [was] fine linen and costly fabric and beautiful finished cloth; you ate finely milled flour and honey and olive oil, and you became exceedingly beautiful; {you were fit to be a queen}.
14 And a name went out for you among the nations because of your beauty, for it [was] perfect because of my majesty that I bestowed on you,' {declares} the Lord Yahweh.
15 'And you trusted in your beauty, and you prostituted on account of your name, and you poured out your fornication on every [one] passing by, [saying], "Let it be his."
16 And you took from your clothes and you made for yourself colorful shrines, and you prostituted on them; {this had not happened before}, and it {will not continue to happen}.
17 And you took {your beautiful jewelry} [made] from my gold and from my silver that I had given to you, and you made for yourself {male images}, and you prostituted with them.
18 And you took the clothes of your beautiful finished cloth, and you covered them and my oil and my incense you set {before them}.
19 And my bread that I gave to you, finely milled flour and oil and honey [with which] I fed you, then you set it {before them} as a {pleasing odor}, and so it was,' {declares} the Lord Yahweh.
20 'And you took your sons and your daughters whom you had borne for me, and you sacrificed them to them to be eaten, {as if your whorings were not enough}.
21 And you slaughtered my children, and you gave them {to be sacrificed to them}.
22 And [in] all of your detestable things and your fornication you did not remember the days of your childhood {when you were naked and bare}, [when] you were kicking about in your blood.
23 " 'And then after all of your evil! Woe, woe, to you!' {declares} the Lord Yahweh.
24 'And [then] you built for yourself a mound, and you made for yourself a high place in every public square.
25 At [the] head of every street you built your high place and you disgraced your beauty and you spread your feet for every passerby, and you increased your whoring.
26 And you prostituted with the {Egyptians}, your neighbors {who were sexually aroused}, and you increased your fornication to provoke me.
27 And look! I stretched out my hand against you, and I reduced your portion, and I gave you into the desire of your haters, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed because of your lewd {conduct}.
28 And you prostituted with the {Assyrians} on account of {your insatiable lust}, and you prostituted [with] them, and still you were not satisfied.
29 And you increased your fornication to [the] land of traders, [to] Chaldea, and even with this you were not satisfied.
30 How hot with fever [was] your heart!' {declares} the Lord Yahweh. '{When you did} all of these actions {of a headstrong female prostitute},
31 {when you built} your mound at [the] head of every street and your high place you made on every street, yet you were not like a prostitute, [as you were] scorning [your] harlot's wages.
32 O, adulterous woman! In the place of her husband she received strangers.
33 To all prostitutes they give a fee, but you, you gave your gifts to all of your lovers, and you bribed them to come to you from all around in your whorings!
34 And it was the opposite with you from the [other] women in your whorings; {no one solicited you as a prostitute}. {You gave} a harlot's wages, and [a] harlot's wages [were] not given to you, and [so] it was [just] the opposite.
35 " 'Therefore, prostitute, hear the word of Yahweh.
36 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because of the pouring out of your shame and [because] your nakedness was revealed in your whoring with your lovers, and on account of all of the idols of your detestable things, and according to the blood of your children whom you gave to them,
37 therefore, look! I [am] gathering all of your lovers {whom you were pleased about}, and all of whom you loved in addition to all of whom you hated, and I will gather them against you from {everywhere}, and I [will] uncover your nakedness to them, and they will see all of your nakedness.
38 And I will judge you [with the] judgment of [women] committing adultery and shedding blood, and I will give you [the] blood of rage and jealousy.
39 And I will give you into their hand, and they will demolish your mound, and they will break down your high places, and they will strip you of your clothes, and they will take {your beautiful jewelry}, and they will leave you naked and bare.
40 And they will bring up against you a crowd, and they will stone you with stones, and they will cut you to pieces with their swords.
41 And they will burn your houses with fire, and they will execute against you judgments {before} many women, and I will stop you from prostitution, and also a harlot's wages you will not give again.
42 And I will satisfy my rage on you, and my jealousy will turn away from you, and I will be calm, and I will not be angry [any] longer.
43 {Because} you did not remember the days of your childhood and you made me angry with all of these. And in turn I, look, I will return your way upon [your] head,' {declares} the Lord Yahweh, 'and did you not [do] wickedness in addition to all of your detestable things?
44 Look! Everyone quoting a proverb against you, he will quote, {saying}, 'Like her mother [is] her daughter!'
45 You [are] a daughter of your mother [who] abhorred her husband and her children, and you [are] a sister of your sisters who abhorred their husbands and their children. Your mother [was] a Hittite, and your father [was] an Amorite.
46 And your elder sister, she [is] Samaria, and her daughters, [who are] dwelling on your north, and your younger sister [is] the one dwelling on your south; [she] [is] Sodom and her daughters.
47 And you have not [only] gone in their ways, but you [also] did according to their detestable things. {In such a short time} you behaved [more] corruptly than they in all of your ways.
48 {As surely as I live},' {declares} the Lord Yahweh, 'surely your sister Sodom and her daughters did not [do] as you and your daughters did.
49 Look! This was the iniquity of Sodom, your sister: Pride, abundance of food, and {prosperous ease} was to her and to her daughters, and {she did not sustain the needy and the poor}.
50 And they were proud, and they did a detestable thing {before me}, and I removed them {because} I saw [it].
51 And Samaria did not sin {according to even half of your sins}, and you caused your detestable things to increase more than they, and you made your sister righteous [in comparison] with all of your detestable things that you did.
52 Also, you bear your disgrace, [by] which you furnished justification to your sisters through your sins [by] which you acted more abominably than they; they were more righteous than you, and also, you be ashamed and bear your disgrace through your making your sister righteous.
53 And I will restore their fortune, the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters, and the fortunes of Samaria and her daughters, and [even] the fortunes of your captivity in the midst of them,
54 in order that you may bear your disgrace and you may be put to shame because of all that you did at your consoling them.
55 And [as for] your sisters, Sodom and her daughters, they will return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters, they will return to their former state, and you and your daughters will return to your former state.
56 And was not Sodom, your sister, a byword in your mouth in the day of your pride
57 {before} your evil was uncovered? [It was] like the time of the scorn of the daughters of Aram and all [those] around her, and of the daughters of the Philistines, those all around who [are] despising you.
58 Your wickedness and your detestable things, you, you must bear them,' {declares} Yahweh.
59 'For thus says the Lord Yahweh: And I will do it to you {according to what you have done}, who despised [the] oath to break covenant.
60 And I, I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish with you {an everlasting covenant}.
61 And you will remember your ways, and you will be ashamed when you take your sisters, {both the older and the younger}, and I give them to you as daughters, but not on account of your covenant.
62 And I, I will establish my covenant with you, and you will know that I [am] Yahweh,
63 in order that you will remember, and you will be ashamed, and {you will not open your mouth again} {because of} your disgrace when I forgive you for all that you have done!'" {declares} the Lord Yahweh.

Ezekiel 16 Commentary

Chapter 16

A parable showing the first low estate of the Jewish nation, its prosperity, idolatries, and punishment.

Verses 1-58 In this chapter God's dealings with the Jewish nation, and their conduct towards him, are described, and their punishment through the surrounding nations, even those they most trusted in. This is done under the parable of an exposed infant rescued from death, educated, espoused, and richly provided for, but afterwards guilty of the most abandoned conduct, and punished for it; yet at last received into favour, and ashamed of her base conduct. We are not to judge of these expressions by modern ideas, but by those of the times and places in which they were used, where many of them would not sound as they do to us. The design was to raise hatred to idolatry, and such a parable was well suited for that purpose.

Verses 59-63 After a full warning of judgments, mercy is remembered, mercy is reserved. These closing verses are a precious promise, in part fulfilled at the return of the penitent and reformed Jews out of Babylon, but to have fuller accomplishment in gospel times. The Divine mercy should be powerful to melt our hearts into godly sorrow for sin. Nor will God ever leave the sinner to perish, who is humbled for his sins, and comes to trust in His mercy and grace through Jesus Christ; but will keep him by his power, through faith unto salvation.

Footnotes 86

  • [a]. Literally "was"
  • [b]. Literally "to say"
  • [c]. Or "mortal," or "son of humankind"
  • [d]. Hebrew "Canaanite"
  • [e]. Literally "on the day of being born you"
  • [f]. Literally "with water not you were cleansed for cleansing"
  • [g]. Literally "being rubbed with salt you were not rubbed with salt"
  • [h]. Literally "being wrapped in strips of cloth not you were wrapped in strips of cloth"
  • [i]. Literally "not took pity on you an eye"
  • [j]. Literally "to the face of the field"
  • [k]. Literally "on the day of being born you"
  • [l]. Or "A myriad [I have made you]"
  • [m]. Literally "ornament of ornaments"
  • [n]. Literally "your time [was the] time of lovemaking"
  • [o]. Hebrew "in"
  • [p]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [q]. Literally "and you were to me"
  • [r]. Hebrew "ornament"
  • [s]. Literally "a crown of splendor"
  • [t]. Literally "you could succeed to queenship"
  • [u]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [v]. Or "gaudy"
  • [w]. Literally "Not [were] happening"
  • [x]. Literally "and not it will be"; Hebrew text unclear
  • [y]. Literally "the jewelry of splendor"
  • [z]. Literally "images of a male"
  • [aa]. Literally "to the face of them"
  • [ab]. Literally "to the face of them"
  • [ac]. Literally "a scent of an incense"
  • [ad]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [ae]. Or "consumed"
  • [af]. Literally "[it was too] little from your whorings"
  • [ag]. Literally "to cause them to cross over to them"
  • [ah]. Literally "at your being naked and bare"
  • [ai]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [aj]. Literally "sons/children of Egypt"
  • [ak]. Literally "[those] being great of flesh"
  • [al]. Hebrew "in"
  • [am]. Literally "your way [of life]"
  • [an]. Literally "sons/children of Assyria"
  • [ao]. Literally "of no your satisfaction"
  • [ap]. Hebrew "trader"
  • [aq]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [ar]. Literally "at/in you to do"
  • [as]. Literally "deeds of a woman prostituting domineering"
  • [at]. Literally "at/in building your"
  • [au]. Hebrew "and"
  • [av]. According to the reading tradition (Qere)
  • [aw]. Literally "and after you not he solicited a prostitute"
  • [ax]. Literally "And at your giving"
  • [ay]. Literally "whom you were pleased about them"
  • [az]. Literally "all around"
  • [ba]. Literally "the objects of your splendor"
  • [bb]. Hebrew "stone"
  • [bc]. Literally "to [the] eyes of"
  • [bd]. Or "pay"
  • [be]. Literally "because that"
  • [bf]. According to the reading tradition (Qere) with BHS
  • [bg]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [bh]. According to the reading tradition (Qere); cf. BHS
  • [bi]. Literally "the wickedness"
  • [bj]. Literally "proverbing a proverb"
  • [bk]. Literally "to say"
  • [bl]. Or "and"
  • [bm]. Literally "as few little and"
  • [bn]. Literally "live I"
  • [bo]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [bp]. Hebrew "as that"
  • [bq]. Literally "and ease of granting relief"
  • [br]. Literally "And [the] hand of [the] needy and [the] poor not she did take hold of"
  • [bs]. Literally "to the face of me"
  • [bt]. Literally "as that"
  • [bu]. Literally "about/as/like the half of sins your not did she sin"
  • [bv]. According to the reading tradition (Qere); cf. BHS
  • [bw]. Or "indeed"
  • [bx]. Hebrew "sister"
  • [by]. Or "indeed"
  • [bz]. Literally "at not yet"
  • [ca]. Literally "declaration of"
  • [cb]. According to the reading tradition (Qere)
  • [cc]. Literally "as that you have done"
  • [cd]. Literally "a covenant of eternity"
  • [ce]. Literally "the older from you to the younger from you"
  • [cf]. Literally "and not it will be again an opening of mouth"
  • [cg]. Literally "from the face of"
  • [ch]. Literally "declaration of"

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EZEKIEL 16

In this chapter the Jewish nation is represented under the simile of a female infant, whose birth, breeding, marriage, grandeur, and conduct, are described, in order to show the wickedness and ingratitude of, his people; who, on account thereof, are threatened with judgments; though mercy is promised to a remnant that should repent. The prophet is directed to make known to Jerusalem her abominable sins, Eze 16:1,2; and, in order to this, is bid to take up the following parable of a female infant; whose descent, birth, and wretched condition, at the time of it, are pointed at, Eze 16:3-5; which are expressive of the low and forlorn estate of the Jews originally; and then follow the benefits and blessings of God bestowed upon them, both in their infant and adult state; the preserving them alive in Egypt, and their multiplication there; and afterwards the covenant made with them, when brought out from thence; and the Lord's espousal of them to himself, as his own people, having a strong affection for them, Eze 16:6-8; the large provision of good things he made for them, both in the wilderness, and especially in the land of Canaan; the riches he bestowed upon them, and the flourishing and prosperous kingdom he raised them to, which made them famous among all the nations round about them, Eze 16:9-14; and yet, after all this, such was the ingratitude of this people, as to commit spiritual whoredom, that is, idolatry, to a very great degree, Eze 16:15; which is aggravated by their converting and applying the good things which the Lord gave them to idolatrous uses, Eze 16:16-19; by sacrificing their sons and daughters to idols, which were the Lord's, Eze 16:20,21; by not calling to mind the former wretched estate out of which they were brought, Eze 16:22; by building high places in every street and way, and there committing idolatries, Eze 16:23-25; by the various nations, whose examples they followed, and with whom they joined, as the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans, Eze 16:26-29; and by the great difference between them and all other harlots, whom they exceeded, Eze 16:30-34; wherefore, on account of all this, they are threatened to be dealt with as an adulterous woman; made a spectacle of; condemned to die, to be stripped, stoned, and burned, Eze 16:35-43; and, that the Lord might appear to be just in executing such judgments on them, they are declared to be as bad as the Hittites and Amorites their parents; and worse than their sisters Samaria and Sodom; and therefore could expect to fare no better than they; and should become proverb and a byword, and bear their sins, shame, and punishment, in the sight of their neighbours, and be despised by them, Eze 16:44-59; nevertheless, the covenant of grace made with his chosen people among them should stand firm; which being manifested to them, would be a means of bringing them to a sense of sin, shame for it, and an acknowledgment of the Lord's grace and goodness to them Eze 16:60-63.

Ezekiel 16 Commentaries

Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.