Luke 23

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

1 And the whole assembly of them rose up [and] brought him before Pilate.
2 And they began to accuse him, saying, "We have found this man misleading our nation and forbidding [us] to pay taxes to Caesar, and saying [he] himself is Christ, a king!"
3 And Pilate asked him, saying, "Are you the king of the Jews?" And he answered him [and] said, "You say [so]."
4 So Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, "I find no basis for an accusation against this man.
5 But they insisted, saying, "He incites the people, teaching throughout the whole of Judea and beginning from Galilee as far as here."

Jesus Brought Before Herod

6 Now [when] Pilate heard [this], he asked if the man was a Galilean.
7 And [when he] found out that he was from the jurisdiction of Herod, he sent him over to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem in those days.
8 And [when] Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had been wanting to see him for a long time, because he had heard about him and was hoping to see some miracle performed by him.
9 So he questioned him {at considerable length}, but he answered nothing to him.
10 And the chief priests and the scribes were standing there vehemently accusing him.
11 And Herod with his soldiers also treated him with contempt, and [after] mocking [him] [and] dressing [him] [in] glistening clothing, he sent him back to Pilate.
12 And both Herod and Pilate became friends with one another on [that] same day, {for they had previously been enemies of one another}.

Pilate Releases Barabbas

13 So Pilate called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people
14 [and] said to them, "You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people, and behold, [when I] examined [him] before you, I found nothing in this man as basis for the accusation which {you are making} against him
15 But neither [did] Herod, because he sent him back to us. And behold, nothing deserving death {has been done} by him.
16 Therefore I will punish him [and] release [him]."
18 But they all cried out in unison, saying, "Take this man away, and release for us Barabbas!"
19 (who had been thrown in prison because of a certain insurrection that had taken place in the city, and [for] murder)
20 And Pilate, wanting to release Jesus, addressed [them] again,
21 but they kept crying out, saying, "Crucify! Crucify him!
22 So he said to them a third [time], "Why? What wrong has this man done? I found no basis for an accusation {deserving death} in him. Therefore I will punish him [and] release [him]."
23 But they were urgent, demanding with loud cries [that] he be crucified. And their cries prevailed.
24 And Pilate decided [that] their demand should be granted.
25 And he released the one who had been thrown into prison because of insurrection and murder, whom they were asking for, but Jesus he handed over to their will.

Jesus Is Crucified

26 And as they led him away, they seized Simon, a certain [man] of Cyrene, who was coming from the country, [and] placed the cross on him, to carry [it] behind Jesus.
27 And a great crowd of the people were following him, and of women who were mourning and lamenting him.
28 But turning to them, Jesus said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children!
29 For behold, days are coming in which they will say, 'Blessed [are] the barren, and the wombs that did not give birth, and [the] breasts that did not nurse!'
30 Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us!' and to the hills, 'Cover us!'
31 For if they do these [things] {when the wood is green}, what will happen {when it is dry}?"
32 And two other criminals were also led away to be executed with him.
33 And when they came to the place that is called "The Skull," there they crucified him, and the criminals, the one on [his] right and the other on [his] left.
34 [[But Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."]] And they cast lots to divide his clothes.
35 And the people stood there watching, but the rulers also ridiculed [him], saying, "He saved others; let him save himself, if this [man] is the Christ of God, the Chosen One!"
36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming up [and] offering him sour win
37 and saying, "If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself!"
38 And there was also an inscription over him, "This [is] the king of the Jews."
39 And one of the criminals who were hanged there reviled him, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself--and us!"
40 But the other answered [and] rebuked him, saying, "Do you not even fear God, because you are undergoing the same condemnation?
41 And we indeed justly, for we are receiving {what we deserve} [for] what we have done. But this man has done nothing wrong!"
42 And he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom!"
43 And he said to him, "Truly I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise."

Jesus Dies on the Cross

44 And by this time it was about the sixth hour, and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour
45 [because] [the light] of the sun failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn apart [down] the middle.
46 And Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, "Father, into your hands I entrust my spirit!" And [after he] said this, he expired.
47 Now [when] the centurion saw what had happened, he began to praise God, saying, "Certainly this man was righteous!"
48 And all the crowds that had come together for this spectacle, [when they] saw the things that had happened, returned [home] beating [their] breasts.
49 And all his acquaintances, and the women who had followed him from Galilee who saw these [things], stood at a distance.

Jesus Is Buried

50 And behold, a man {named} Joseph, who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man
51 (this man was not consenting to their plan and deed), from Arimathea, {a Judean town}, who was looking forward to the kingdom of God.
52 This man approached Pilate [and] asked for the body of Jesus.
53 And he took [it] down [and] wrapped it in a linen cloth and placed him in a tomb cut into the rock where no one had ever been placed.
54 And it was the day of preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.
55 And the women who had been accompanying him from Galilee followed [and] saw the tomb and how his body was placed.
56 And they returned [and] prepared fragrant spices and perfumes, and on the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

Luke 23 Commentary

Chapter 23

Christ before Pilate. (1-5) Christ before Herod. (6-12) Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13-25) Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26-31) The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32-43) The death of Christ. (44-49) The burial of Christ. (50-56)

Verses 1-5 Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.

Verses 6-12 Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.

Verses 13-25 The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.

Verses 26-31 We have here the blessed Jesus, the Lamb of God, led as a lamb to the slaughter, to the sacrifice. Though many reproached and reviled him, yet some pitied him. But the death of Christ was his victory and triumph over his enemies: it was our deliverance, the purchase of eternal life for us. Therefore weep not for him, but let us weep for our own sins, and the sins of our children, which caused his death; and weep for fear of the miseries we shall bring upon ourselves, if we slight his love, and reject his grace. If God delivered him up to such sufferings as these, because he was made a sacrifice for sin, what will he do with sinners themselves, who make themselves a dry tree, a corrupt and wicked generation, and good for nothing! The bitter sufferings of our Lord Jesus should make us stand in awe of the justice of God. The best saints, compared with Christ, are dry trees; if he suffer, why may not they expect to suffer? And what then shall the damnation of sinners be! Even the sufferings of Christ preach terror to obstinate transgressors.

Verses 32-43 As soon as Christ was fastened to the cross, he prayed for those who crucified him. The great thing he died to purchase and procure for us, is the forgiveness of sin. This he prays for. Jesus was crucified between two thieves; in them were shown the different effects the cross of Christ would have upon the children of men in the preaching the gospel. One malefactor was hardened to the last. No troubles of themselves will change a wicked heart. The other was softened at the last: he was snatched as a brand out of the burning, and made a monument of Divine mercy. This gives no encouragement to any to put off repentance to their death-beds, or to hope that they shall then find mercy. It is certain that true repentance is never too late; but it is as certain that late repentance is seldom true. None can be sure they shall have time to repent at death, but every man may be sure he cannot have the advantages this penitent thief had. We shall see the case to be singular, if we observe the uncommon effects of God's grace upon this man. He reproved the other for railing on Christ. He owned that he deserved what was done to him. He believed Jesus to have suffered wrongfully. Observe his faith in this prayer. Christ was in the depth of disgrace, suffering as a deceiver, and not delivered by his Father. He made this profession before the wonders were displayed which put honour on Christ's sufferings, and startled the centurion. He believed in a life to come, and desired to be happy in that life; not like the other thief, to be only saved from the cross. Observe his humility in this prayer. All his request is, Lord, remember me; quite referring it to Jesus in what way to remember him. Thus he was humbled in true repentance, and he brought forth all the fruits for repentance his circumstances would admit. Christ upon the cross, is gracious like Christ upon the throne. Though he was in the greatest struggle and agony, yet he had pity for a poor penitent. By this act of grace we are to understand that Jesus Christ died to open the kingdom of heaven to all penitent, obedient believers. It is a single instance in Scripture; it should teach us to despair of none, and that none should despair of themselves; but lest it should be abused, it is contrasted with the awful state of the other thief, who died hardened in unbelief, though a crucified Saviour was so near him. Be sure that in general men die as they live.

Verses 44-49 We have here the death of Christ magnified by the wonders that attended it, and his death explained by the words with which he breathed out his soul. He was willing to offer himself. Let us seek to glorify God by true repentance and conversion; by protesting against those who crucify the Saviour; by a sober, righteous, and godly life; and by employing our talents in the service of Him who died for us and rose again.

Verses 50-56 Many, though they do not make any show in outward profession, yet, like Joseph of Arimathea, will be far more ready to do real service, when there is occasion, than others who make a greater noise. Christ was buried in haste, because the sabbath drew on. Weeping must not hinder sowing. Though they were in tears for the death of their Lord, yet they must prepare to keep holy the sabbath. When the sabbath draws on, there must be preparation. Our worldly affairs must be so ordered, that they may not hinder us from our sabbath work; and our holy affections so stirred up, that they may carry us on in it. In whatever business we engage, or however our hearts may be affected, let us never fail to get ready for, and to keep holy, the day of sacred rest, which is the Lord's day.

Footnotes 53

  • [a]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("rose up") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [b]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [c]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("answered") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [d]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("heard") which is understood as temporal
  • [e]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [f]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("found out") which is understood as temporal
  • [g]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("saw") which is understood as temporal
  • [h]. Literally "with many words"
  • [i]. *Here "[after]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("mocking") which is understood as temporal
  • [j]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [k]. *Here "[and]" is supplied to connect the two participles ("mocking" and "dressing") in keeping with English style
  • [l]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [m]. Literally "for they had previously existed being at enmity with each other"
  • [n]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the participle in the previous verse ("called together") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [o]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("examined") which is understood as temporal
  • [p]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [q]. Literally "you are accusing"
  • [r]. Literally "is having been done"
  • [s]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("punish") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [t]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [u]. Many of the most important Greek manuscripts lack v. 17, "Now he was obligated to release for them at the feast one person."
  • [v]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [w]. Some manuscripts explicitly state "them"
  • [x]. Literally "of death"
  • [y]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("punish") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [z]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [aa]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("seized") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [ab]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [ac]. Literally "in the green wood"
  • [ad]. Literally "in the dry"
  • [ae]. Many important manuscripts lack v. 34a, "But Jesus said, 'Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.'"
  • [af]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [ag]. Or "Messiah"
  • [ah]. *Here "[and]" is supplied to connect the two participles ("coming up" and "offering") in keeping with English style
  • [ai]. *Here "[and]" is supplied to connect the two participles ("answered" and "rebuked") in keeping with English style
  • [aj]. Literally "[things] worthy"
  • [ak]. *Here "[because]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("failed") which is understood as causal
  • [al]. A quotation from Ps 31:5
  • [am]. *Here "[after]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("said") which is understood as temporal
  • [an]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("saw") which is understood as temporal
  • [ao]. *The imperfect tense has been translated as ingressive here ("began to praise")
  • [ap]. *Here "[when]" is supplied as a component of the participle ("saw") which is understood as temporal
  • [aq]. *The word "[home]" is not in the Greek text, but is implied
  • [ar]. *Literally "the"; the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun
  • [as]. Literally "by name"
  • [at]. Or "a member of the Sanhedrin"
  • [au]. Some manuscripts have "and a good"
  • [av]. Literally "a town of the Jews"
  • [aw]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("approached") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [ax]. *Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  • [ay]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("wrapped") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [az]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("followed") has been translated as a finite verb
  • [ba]. *Here "[and]" is supplied because the previous participle ("returned") has been translated as a finite verb

Luke 23 Commentaries

Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software.