Numbers 31:1-24

The Slaughter of Midian

1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2 "1Take full vengeance for the sons of Israel on the Midianites; afterward you will be 2gathered to your people."
3 Moses spoke to the people, saying, "Arm men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian to execute 3the LORD'S vengeance on Midian.
4 "A thousand from each tribe of all the tribes of Israel you shall send to the war."
5 So there were furnished from the thousands of Israel, a thousand from each tribe, twelve * thousand armed for war.
6 Moses sent them, a thousand from each tribe, to the war, and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war with them, 4and the holy vessels and 5the trumpets for the alarm in his hand.
7 So they made war against Midian, just as the LORD had commanded Moses, and 6they killed every male.
8 They killed the kings of Midian along with the rest of their slain: 7Evi and Rekem and 8Zur and Hur and Reba, the five kings of Midian; they also killed 9Balaam the son of Beor with the sword.
9 The sons of Israel captured the women of Midian and their little ones; and all their cattle and all their flocks and all their goods they plundered.
10 Then they burned all their cities where they lived and all their camps with fire.
11 10They took all the spoil and all the prey, both of man and of beast.
12 They brought the captives and the prey and the spoil to Moses, and to Eleazar the priest and to the congregation of the sons of Israel, to the camp at the plains of Moab, which are by the Jordan opposite Jericho.
13 Moses and Eleazar the priest and all the leaders of the congregation went out to meet them outside * * the camp.
14 Moses was angry with the officers of the army, the captains of thousands and the captains of hundreds, who had come from service in the war.
15 And Moses said to them, "Have you spared 11all the women?
16 "12Behold, these caused the sons of Israel, through the counsel of 13Balaam, to trespass * against the LORD in the matter of Peor, so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD.
17 "14Now therefore, kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman who has known man intimately *.
18 "But all the girls * who have not known man intimately *, spare for yourselves.
19 "15And you, camp outside * the camp seven days; whoever has killed any person and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves, you and your captives, on the third day and on the seventh day.
20 "You shall purify for yourselves every garment and every article of leather and all the work of goats' hair, and all articles of wood."
21 Then Eleazar the priest said to the men of war who had gone to battle, "This is the statute of the law which the LORD has commanded Moses:
22 only the gold and the silver, the bronze, the iron, the tin and the lead,
23 everything that can stand the fire, you shall pass through the fire, and it shall be clean, but it shall be purified with 16water for impurity. But whatever * cannot stand the fire you shall pass through the water.
24 "And you shall wash your clothes on the seventh day and be clean, and afterward you may enter the camp."

Numbers 31:1-24 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 31

This chapter contains an order to make war upon Midian, which was accordingly done, Nu 31:1-12, but Moses was wroth, because they saved the women alive, who, through the counsel of Balaam, had been the cause of sin, and of the plague for it in Israel, and therefore orders them, and the male children, to be slain, Nu 31:13-18, and then directs to the purification of the soldiers, their captives and spoil, Nu 31:19-24, and by the command of God an account is taken of the prey, and a division of it made between the soldiers and the congregation, and out of each part a tribute is levied for the Lord, Nu 31:25-31 and the sum of the whole booty is given, Nu 31:32-35 and of the part which belonged to the soldiers, and of the tribute given to the Lord, Nu 31:36-41 and of the part which belonged to the children of Israel, Nu 31:42-47 and besides the above tribute to the Lord, the officers made a voluntary oblation out of their spoil, both by way of gratitude for sparing their lives, and to make atonement for their souls, Nu 31:48-54.

Cross References 16

  • 1. Num 25:1, 16, 17
  • 2. Numbers 20:24, 26; Numbers 27:13
  • 3. Leviticus 26:25
  • 4. Numbers 14:44
  • 5. Numbers 10:8, 9
  • 6. Deuteronomy 20:13; Judges 21:11; 1 Kings 11:15, 16
  • 7. Joshua 13:21
  • 8. Numbers 25:15
  • 9. Numbers 31:16; Joshua 13:22
  • 10. Deuteronomy 20:14
  • 11. Deuteronomy 20:14
  • 12. Numbers 25:1-9
  • 13. Numbers 31:8
  • 14. Deuteronomy 7:2; Deuteronomy 20:16-18
  • 15. Numbers 19:11-22
  • 16. Numbers 19:9, 17

Footnotes 11

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