Ester 1

Destitución de la reina Vasti

1 El rey Asuero,^[a] que reinó sobre ciento veintisiete provincias que se extendían desde la India hasta Cus,

2 estableció su trono real en la ciudadela de Susa.

3 En el tercer año de su reinado ofreció un banquete para todos sus funcionarios y servidores, al que asistieron los jefes militares de Persia y Media, y los magistrados y los gobernadores de las provincias,

4 y durante ciento ochenta días les mostró la enorme riqueza de su reino y la esplendorosa gloria de su majestad.

5 Pasado este tiempo, el rey ofreció otro banquete, que duró siete días, para todos los que se encontraban en la ciudadela de Susa, tanto los más importantes como los de menor importancia. Este banquete tuvo lugar en el jardín interior de su palacio,

6 el cual lucía cortinas blancas y azules, sostenidas por cordones de lino blanco y tela púrpura, los cuales pasaban por anillos de plata sujetos a columnas de mármol. También había sofás de oro y plata sobre un piso de mosaicos de pórfido, mármol, madreperla y otras piedras preciosas.

7 En copas de oro de las más variadas formas se servía el vino real, el cual corría a raudales, como era de esperarse del rey.

8 Todos los invitados podían beber cuanto quisieran, pues los camareros habían recibido instrucciones del rey de servir a cada uno lo que deseara.

9 La reina Vasti, por su parte, ofreció también un banquete para las mujeres en el palacio del rey Asuero.

10 Al séptimo día, como a causa del vino el rey Asuero estaba muy alegre, les ordenó a los siete eunucos que le servían —Meumán, Biztá, Jarboná, Bigtá, Abagtá, Zetar y Carcás—

11 que llevaran a su presencia a la reina, ceñida con la corona real, a fin de exhibir su belleza ante los pueblos y sus dignatarios, pues realmente era muy hermosa.

12 Pero cuando los eunucos le comunicaron la orden del rey, la reina se negó a ir. Esto contrarió mucho al rey, y se enfureció.

13 De inmediato el rey consultó a los sabios conocedores de leyes,^[b] porque era costumbre que en cuestiones de ley y justicia el rey consultara a los expertos.

14 Los más allegados a él eran: Carsena, Setar, Admata, Tarsis, Meres, Marsená y Memucán, los siete funcionarios de Persia y Media que tenían acceso especial a la presencia del rey y ocupaban los puestos más altos en el reino.

15 —Según la ley, ¿qué se debe hacer con la reina Vasti por haber desobedecido la orden del rey transmitida por los eunucos? —preguntó el rey.

16 En presencia del rey y de los funcionarios, Memucán respondió:—La reina Vasti no solo ha ofendido a Su Majestad, sino también a todos los funcionarios y a todos los pueblos de todas las provincias del reino.

17 Porque todas las mujeres se enterarán de la conducta de la reina, y esto hará que desprecien a sus esposos, pues dirán: “El rey Asuero mandó que la reina Vasti se presentara ante él, pero ella no fue”.

18 El día en que las mujeres de la nobleza de Persia y de Media se enteren de la conducta de la reina, les responderán de la misma manera a todos los dignatarios de Su Majestad. ¡Entonces no habrá fin al desprecio y a la discordia!

19 »Por lo tanto, si le parece bien a Su Majestad, emita un decreto real, el cual se inscribirá con carácter irrevocable en las leyes de Persia y Media: que Vasti nunca vuelva a presentarse ante Su Majestad, y que el título de reina se lo otorgue a otra mejor que ella.

20 Así, cuando el edicto real se dé a conocer por todo su inmenso reino, todas las mujeres respetarán a sus esposos, desde los más importantes hasta los menos importantes.

21 Al rey y a sus funcionarios les pareció bien ese consejo, de modo que el rey hizo lo que había propuesto Memucán:

22 envió cartas por todo el reino, a cada provincia en su propia escritura y a cada pueblo en su propio idioma, proclamando en la lengua de cada pueblo que todo hombre debe ejercer autoridad sobre su familia.

Ester 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

We find in this book, that even those Jews who were scattered in the province of the heathen, were taken care of, and were wonderfully preserved, when threatened with destruction. Though the name of God be not in this book, the finger of God is shown by minute events for the bringing about his people's deliverance. This history comes in between (Ezra 6 and Ezra 7 ) .

The royal feast of Ahasuerus. (1-9) Vashti's refusal to appear, The king's decree. (10-22)

Verses 1-9 The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, ( habakkuk 2:15 habakkuk 2:16 ) .

Verses 10-22 Ahasuerus's feast ended in heaviness, by his own folly. Seasons of peculiar festivity often end in vexation. Superiors should be careful not to command what may reasonably be disobeyed. But when wine is in, men's reason departs from them. He that had rule over 127 provinces, had no rule over his own spirit. But whether the passion or the policy of the king was served by this decree, God's providence made way for Esther to the crown, and defeated Haman's wicked project, even before it had entered into his heart, and he arrived at his power. Let us rejoice that the Lord reigns, and will overrule the madness or folly of mankind to promote his own glory, and the safety and happiness of his people.

Footnotes

• [a]. "Asuero" . Variante hebrea de Jerjes, nombre persa; así en el resto de este libro.
• [b]. "leyes " (lectura probable); "los tiempos " (TM).

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF ESTHER

This book has its name from the person who is the principal subject of it; it is by Clemens of Alexandria {a} called the Book of Mordecai also; it is commonly called, in the Hebrew copies, "Megillah Esther", the Volume of Esther; and sometimes in the Jewish writings only "Megillah", by way of eminency, "the Volume". It was written, according to the Talmudists {b}, by the men of the great synagogue, composed by Ezra; and some think it was written by Ezra himself {c}; but Aben Ezra is of opinion it was written by Mordecai, since he was concerned in, and had perfect knowledge of, all things related in it; which is rejected by Spinosa {d}, who conceits that this, and the books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, were written by one and the same historian long after the times of Judas Maccabaeus: as to the canonical authority of it, it has been generally received by Jews and Christians; our wise men, says Maimonides {e}, openly and plainly affirm of the book of Esther, that it was dictated by the Holy Spirit; so Aben Ezra on Es 6:6, and he himself {f} affirms, that

``all the books of the prophets, and all the Hagiographa (or holy writings), shall cease in the days of the Messiah, except the volume of Esther; and, lo, that shall be as stable as the Pentateuch, and as the constitutions of the oral law, which shall never cease.''

Though the versions of other books of Scripture might not be read in the synagogues, versions of this book might to those who did not understand Hebrew {g}; and so Luther {h} says, the Jews more esteem the book of Esther than any of the prophets. Whence Mr. Baxter {i} had that notion, I can not devise, that the Jews used to cast to the ground the book of Esther before they read it, because the name of God was not in it: nor is that any objection to its authenticity, since the hand and providence of God may be most clearly seen in it; in raising Esther to such grandeur, and that for the deliverance of the people of the Jews, and in counter working and bringing to nought the plots of their enemies, and in saving them: nor that it is not quoted in the New Testament; it is sufficient there is no disagreement between them, yea, an entire agreement, particularly in the account of the captivity of Jeconiah, which is expressed almost in the same words in Es 2:6 as in Mt 1:11,12. It stands in Origen's catalogue {k} of the books of the Old Testament; nor is it any material objection that it appears not in the catalogue of Melito {l}, since in that list is comprehended under Ezra not Nehemiah only, but Esther also, which Jerom {m} mentions along with it. This book is not only of use to the Jews, as it shows the original and foundation of a feast of theirs, still kept up by them, the feast of Purim, and makes for the glory of their nation, and therefore it is no wonder it should be so highly esteemed by them; but serves to show the singular providence of God in taking care of his people in adversity, in humbling the proud, and exalting the lowly, and saving those that pray to him, and trust in him; it furnishes out various instructions in the conduct of the several persons herein mentioned; it is a history but of ten or eleven years at most, from the third of Ahasuerus, to the twelfth of his reign, Es 1:3, 3:7.

{a} Stromat. l. 1. p. 329. {b} T. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {c} August. de Civ. Dei, l. 18. c. 36. Isidor. Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {d} Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 189 {e} Moreh Nevochim, par. 2. c. 45. {f} Hilchot Megillah, c. 2. sect. 18. {g} Misn. Megillah, c. 2. sect. 1. T. Bab. Megillah, fol. 18. 1. {h} Mensal. Colloqu. c. 31. p. 358. {i} The Saints Everlasting Rest, part 4. c. 3. sect. 1. {k} Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. {l} Apud ib. l. 4. c. 26. {m} Ad Domnion. & Rogat. tom. 3. fol. 7. F.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER 1\\

This chapter relates, how that Ahasuerus, a great king of Persia, made a feast, first for the grandees of his kingdom, and then for his people, as his queen did for the women, Es 1:1-9, who being sent for by him, and she refusing to come, was, by the advice of one of his counsellors, divorced from him, and an order made and published throughout his dominions, that every man should bear rule in his own house, Es 1:10-22.