1 Samuel 14:1-23

Jonathan Defeats the Philistines

1 One day Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who carried his armor, "Come, let us go over to the Philistine garrison on the other side." But he did not tell his father.
2 Saul was staying in the outskirts of Gibeah in the pomegranate cave[a] at 1Migron. The people who were with him were about 2six hundred men,
3 including 3Ahijah the son of Ahitub, 4Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the LORD 5in Shiloh, 6wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.
4 Within 7the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistine garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side and a rocky crag on the other side. The name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
5 The one crag rose on the north in front of Michmash, and the other on the south in front of 8Geba.
6 Jonathan said to the young man who carried his armor, "Come, let us go over to the garrison of these 9uncircumcised. It may be that the LORD will work for us, 10for nothing can hinder the LORD from saving by many or by few."
7 And his armor-bearer said to him, "Do all that is in your heart. Do as you wish.[b] Behold, I am with you heart and soul."
8 Then Jonathan said, "Behold, we will cross over to the men, and we will show ourselves to them.
9 If they say to us, 'Wait until we come to you,' then we will stand still in our place, and we will not go up to them.
10 But if they say, 'Come up to us,' then we will go up, for the LORD has given them into our hand. And this shall be the sign to us."
11 So both of them showed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines. And the Philistines said, "Look, Hebrews are coming 11out of the holes where they have hidden themselves."
12 And the men of the garrison hailed Jonathan and his armor-bearer and said, "Come up to us, and we will show you a thing." And Jonathan said to his armor-bearer, "Come up after me, for the LORD has given them into the hand of Israel."
13 Then Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet, and his armor-bearer after him. And they fell before Jonathan, and his armor-bearer killed them after him.
14 And that first strike, which Jonathan and his armor-bearer made, killed about twenty men within as it were half a furrow's length in an acre[c] of land.
15 And there was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among all the people. The garrison and even 12the raiders trembled, the earth quaked, and it became a very great panic.
16 And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked, and behold, the multitude 13was dispersing here and there.[d]
17 Then Saul said to the people who were with him, "Count and see who has gone from us." And when they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor-bearer were not there.
18 So Saul said to Ahijah, "Bring the ark of God here." For the ark of God went at that time with the people[e] of Israel.
19 Now 14while Saul was talking to the priest, the tumult in the camp of the Philistines increased more and more. So Saul said to the priest, "Withdraw your hand."
20 Then Saul and all the people who were with him rallied and went into the battle. And behold, 15every Philistine's sword was against his fellow, and there was very great confusion.
21 Now the Hebrews who had been with the Philistines before that time and who had gone up with them into the camp, 16even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
22 Likewise, when all the men of Israel 17who had hidden themselves 18in the hill country of Ephraim heard that the Philistines were fleeing, they too followed hard after them in the battle.
23 19So the LORD saved Israel that day. And the battle passed beyond 20Beth-aven.

1 Samuel 14:1-23 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 14

This chapter gives an account of an adventure of Jonathan and his armourbearer smiting a garrison of the Philistines, 1Sa 14:1-14, which with other circumstances struck terror into the whole army; which being observed by Saul's spies, he and his men went out against them, and being joined by others, pursued them, and obtained a complete victory, 1Sa 14:15-23, but what sullied the glory of the day was a rash oath of Saul's, adjuring the people not to eat any food till evening which Jonathan not hearing of ignorantly broke, 1Sa 14:24-31 and which long fasting made the people so ravenous, that they slew their cattle, and ate them with the blood, contrary to the law of God, for which they were reproved by Saul, 1Sa 14:32-34, upon which he built an altar, and inquired of the Lord whether he should pursue the Philistines all that night till morning, but had no answer; which made him conclude sin was committed, and which he inquired after, declaring that if it was his own son Jonathan that had committed it he should surely die, 1Sa 14:35-39, the people being silent, he cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonathan; who had it not been for the resolution of the people that rescued him out of his hands, because of the great salvation he had wrought, must have died, 1Sa 14:40-46 and the chapter is cited with an account of Saul's battles with the neighbouring nations in general, and of his family, 1Sa 14:47-52.

Cross References 20

Footnotes 5

  • [a]. Or under the pomegranate [tree]
  • [b]. Septuagint Do all that your mind inclines to
  • [c]. Hebrew a yoke
  • [d]. Septuagint; Hebrew they went here and there
  • [e]. Hebrew; Septuagint "Bring the ephod." For at that time he wore the ephod before the people
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.