Numbers 3:5-39

Duties of the Levites

5 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
6 1"Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister to him.
7 They shall keep guard over him and over the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, 2as they minister at the tabernacle.
8 They shall guard all the furnishings of the tent of meeting, and keep guard over the people of Israel as they minister at the tabernacle.
9 And 3you shall give the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they are 4wholly given to him from among the people of Israel.
10 And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and 5they shall guard their priesthood. But if 6any outsider comes near, he shall be put to death."
11 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
12 "Behold, 7I have taken the Levites from among the people of Israel instead of every firstborn who opens the womb among the people of Israel. The Levites shall be mine,
13 for 8all the firstborn are mine. 9On the day that I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I consecrated for my own all the firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast. They shall be mine: I am the LORD."
14 And the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
15 "List the sons of Levi, by fathers' houses and by clans; 10every male from a month old and upward you shall list."
16 So Moses listed them according to the word of the LORD, as he was commanded.
17 11And these were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon and Kohath and Merari.
18 And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their clans: 12Libni and Shimei.
19 And the sons of Kohath by their clans: 13Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
20 And the sons of Merari by their clans: 14Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites, by their fathers' houses.
21 To Gershon belonged the clan of the Libnites and the clan of the Shimeites; these were the clans of the Gershonites.
22 Their listing according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward was[a] 7,500.
23 15The clans of the Gershonites were to camp behind the tabernacle on the west,
24 with Eliasaph, the son of Lael as chief of the fathers' house of the Gershonites.
25 And the 16guard duty of the sons of Gershon in the tent of meeting involved 17the tabernacle, 18the tent with 19its covering, 20the screen for the entrance of the tent of meeting,
26 21the hangings of the court, 22the screen for the door of the court that is around the tabernacle and the altar, and 23its cords--all the service connected with these.
27 To Kohath belonged the clan of the 24Amramites and the clan of the Izharites and the clan of the Hebronites and the clan of the Uzzielites; these are the clans of the Kohathites.
28 According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were 8,600, keeping guard over the sanctuary.
29 The clans of the sons of Kohath were to camp on the south side of the tabernacle,
30 with 25Elizaphan the son of Uzziel as chief of the fathers' house of the clans of the Kohathites.
31 And their guard duty involved 26the ark, 27the table, 28the lampstand, 29the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which the priests minister, and 30the screen; all the service connected with these.
32 And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest was to be chief over the chiefs of the Levites, and to have oversight of those who kept guard over the sanctuary.
33 To Merari belonged the clan of the Mahlites and the clan of the Mushites: these are the clans of Merari.
34 Their listing according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward was 6,200.
35 And the chief of the fathers' house of the clans of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They were to camp on the north side of the tabernacle.
36 31And the appointed guard duty of the sons of Merari involved the 32frames of the tabernacle, 33the bars, 34the pillars, the bases, and all their accessories; all the service connected with these;
37 also 35the pillars around the court, with their bases and 36pegs and 37cords.
38 Those who were to camp before the tabernacle on the east, before the tent of meeting toward the sunrise, were Moses and Aaron and his sons, 38guarding the sanctuary itself, to protect[b] the people of Israel. And any outsider who came near was to be put to death.
39 All those listed among the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron listed at the commandment of the LORD, by clans, all the males from a month old and upward, were 39 22,000.

Numbers 3:5-39 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 3

In this chapter an account is given of the genealogy of the priests and Levites, and of the gift of the Levites to the priests, of the numbering of them, and the service they were to perform; and first of the priests, the sons of Aaron, Nu 3:1-4; and then of the Levites, as given unto them, to wait upon them, and assist them, Nu 3:5-10; and these were taken instead of the firstborn, Nu 3:11-13; and ordered to be numbered, which was done accordingly by their families, Nu 3:14-20; and the sum of each is given, and the particular work assigned to them; of the Gershonites, Nu 3:21-26; of the Kohathites, Nu 3:27-32; of the Merarites, Nu 3:33-38; the sum total of them is given, Nu 3:39; then the firstborn of the children of Israel, from a month old are ordered to be numbered, and were, Nu 3:40-43; and these appearing to be more in number than the Levites, by two hundred seventy three a direction is given that the two hundred seventy three should be redeemed at the rate of five, shekels apiece, and the money paid to Aaron and his sons, Nu 3:44-48; which was accordingly done, Nu 3:49-51.

Cross References 39

  • 1. Numbers 1:50; Numbers 8:6; Numbers 18:2
  • 2. Numbers 8:11, 15, 24, 26
  • 3. Numbers 8:19; Numbers 18:6
  • 4. Numbers 8:16
  • 5. Numbers 18:7; [Romans 12:7]
  • 6. ver. 38; See Numbers 1:51
  • 7. ver. 41; Numbers 8:16; Numbers 18:6
  • 8. See Exodus 13:2
  • 9. Numbers 8:17; Exodus 13:12, 15
  • 10. ver. 39; Numbers 26:62; [Numbers 1:47]
  • 11. Numbers 26:57; Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16; 1 Chronicles 6:1, 16; 1 Chronicles 23:6
  • 12. Exodus 6:17; 1 Chronicles 6:17; 1 Chronicles 23:7
  • 13. Exodus 6:18; 1 Chronicles 6:2, 18; 1 Chronicles 23:12
  • 14. Exodus 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 23:21
  • 15. Numbers 1:53
  • 16. Numbers 4:24-26
  • 17. Exodus 25:9
  • 18. Exodus 26:7; Exodus 36:14
  • 19. Exodus 26:14
  • 20. Exodus 26:36
  • 21. Exodus 27:9
  • 22. Exodus 27:16
  • 23. ver. 37; Exodus 35:18; Exodus 39:40
  • 24. 1 Chronicles 26:23
  • 25. [Exodus 6:22; Leviticus 10:4]
  • 26. Exodus 25:10
  • 27. Exodus 25:23
  • 28. Exodus 25:31
  • 29. Exodus 27:1; Exodus 30:1
  • 30. Exodus 26:36
  • 31. Numbers 4:31, 32
  • 32. Exodus 26:15
  • 33. Exodus 26:26
  • 34. Exodus 26:32, 37
  • 35. Exodus 27:10
  • 36. Exodus 27:19
  • 37. ver. 26
  • 38. See Numbers 1:53
  • 39. [ver. 22, 28, 34; See ver. 46-49]

Footnotes 2

The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.