Proverbi 31

1 Parole del re Lemuel. Sentenze con le quali sua madre lo ammaestrò.

2 Che ti dirò, figlio mio? che ti dirò, figlio delle mie viscere? che ti dirò, o figlio dei miei voti?

3 Non dare il tuo vigore alle donne, né i tuoi costumi a quelle che perdono i re.

4 Non s’addice ai re, o Lemuel, non s’addice ai re bere del vino, né ai principi, bramar la cervogia:

5 che a volte, avendo bevuto, non dimentichino la legge, e non disconoscano i diritti d’ogni povero afflitto.

6 Date della cervogia a chi sta per perire, e del vino a chi ha l’anima amareggiata;

7 affinché bevano, dimentichino la loro miseria, e non si ricordin più dei loro travagli.

8 Apri la tua bocca in favore del mutolo, per sostener la causa di tutti i derelitti;

9 apri la tua bocca, giudica con giustizia, fa’ ragione al misero ed al bisognoso.

10 Elogio della donna forte e virtuosa. Una donna forte e virtuosa chi la troverà? il suo pregio sorpassa di molto quello delle perle.

11 Il cuore del suo marito confida in lei, ed egli non mancherà mai di provviste.

12 Ella gli fa del bene, e non del male, tutti i giorni della sua vita.

13 Ella si procura della lana e del lino, e lavora con diletto con le proprie mani.

14 Ella è simile alle navi dei mercanti: fa venire il suo cibo da lontano.

15 Ella si alza quando ancora è notte, distribuisce il cibo alla famiglia e il compito alle sue donne di servizio.

16 Ella posa gli occhi sopra un campo, e l’acquista; col guadagno delle sue mani pianta una vigna.

17 Ella si ricinge di forza i fianchi, e fa robuste le sue braccia.

18 Ella s’accorge che il suo lavoro rende bene; la sua lucerna non si spegne la notte.

19 Ella mette la mano alla ròcca, e le sue dita maneggiano il fuso.

20 Ella stende le palme al misero, e porge le mani al bisognoso.

21 Ella non teme la neve per la sua famiglia, perché tutta la sua famiglia è vestita di lana scarlatta.

22 Ella si fa dei tappeti, ha delle vesti di lino finissimo e di porpora.

23 Il suo marito è rispettato alle porte, quando si siede fra gli Anziani del paese.

24 Ella fa delle tuniche e le vende, e delle cinture che dà al mercante.

25 Forza e dignità sono il suo manto, ed ella si ride dell’avvenire.

26 Ella apre la bocca con sapienza, ed ha sulla lingua insegnamenti di bontà.

27 Ella sorveglia l’andamento della sua casa, e non mangia il pane di pigrizia.

28 I suoi figliuoli sorgono e la proclaman beata, e il suo marito la loda, dicendo:

29 "Molte donne si son portate valorosamente, ma tu le superi tutte"!

30 La grazia è fallace e la bellezza è cosa vana; ma la donna che teme l’Eterno è quella che sarà lodata.

31 Datele del frutto delle sue mani, e le opere sue la lodino alle porte!

Proverbi 31 Commentary

Chapter 31

An exhortation to king Lemuel to take heed of sin, and to do duties. (1-9) The description of a virtuous woman. (10-31)

Verses 1-9 When children are under the mother's eye, she has an opportunity of fashioning their minds aright. Those who are grown up, should often call to mind the good teaching they received when children. The many awful instances of promising characters who have been ruined by vile women, and love of wine, should warn every one to avoid these evils. Wine is to be used for want or medicine. Every creature of God is good, and wine, though abused, has its use. By the same rule, due praise and consolation should be used as cordials to the dejected and tempted, not administered to the confident and self-sufficient. All in authority should be more carefully temperate even than other men; and should be protectors of those who are unable or afraid to plead their own cause. Our blessed Lord did not decline the bitterest dregs of the cup of sorrow put into his hands; but he puts the cup of consolation into the hands of his people, and causes those to rejoice who are in the deepest distress.

Verses 10-31 This is the description of a virtuous woman of those days, but the general outlines equally suit every age and nation. She is very careful to recommend herself to her husband's esteem and affection, to know his mind, and is willing that he rule over her. 1. She can be trusted, and he will leave such a wife to manage for him. He is happy in her. And she makes it her constant business to do him good. 2. She is one that takes pains in her duties, and takes pleasure in them. She is careful to fill up time, that none be lost. She rises early. She applies herself to the business proper for her, to women's business. She does what she does, with all her power, and trifles not. 3. She makes what she does turn to good account by prudent management. Many undo themselves by buying, without considering whether they can afford it. She provides well for her house. She lays up for hereafter. 4. She looks well to the ways of her household, that she may oblige all to do their duty to God and one another, as well as to her. 5. She is intent upon giving as upon getting, and does it freely and cheerfully. 6. She is discreet and obliging; every word she says, shows she governs herself by the rules of wisdom. She not only takes prudent measures herself, but gives prudent advice to others. The law of love and kindness is written in the heart, and shows itself in the tongue. Her heart is full of another world, even when her hands are most busy about this world. 7. Above all, she fears the Lord. Beauty recommends none to God, nor is it any proof of wisdom and goodness, but it has deceived many a man who made his choice of a wife by it. But the fear of God reigning in the heart, is the beauty of the soul; it lasts for ever. 8. She has firmness to bear up under crosses and disappointments. She shall reflect with comfort when she comes to be old, that she was not idle or useless when young. She shall rejoice in a world to come. She is a great blessing to her relations. If the fruit be good, the tree must have our good word. But she leaves it to her own works to praise her. Every one ought to desire this honour that cometh from God; and according to this standard we all ought to regulate our judgments. This description let all women daily study, who desire to be truly beloved and respected, useful and honourable. This passage is to be applied to individuals, but may it not also be applied to the church of God, which is described as a virtuous spouse? God by his grace has formed from among sinful men a church of true believers, to possess all the excellences here described.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO PROVERBS 31

This chapter contains the last part of the book of Proverbs; which some reckon the fifth, others the sixth. It contains the instructions of the mother of a prince, whose name was Lemuel, which she gave unto him; and which are so valuable, as to be annexed to the proverbs of Solomon. The preface or introduction to them is in Pr 31:1; the address to her son, Pr 31:2. The vices she cautions him against are uncleanness and intemperance; which she dissuades from, because of the pernicious consequences of both to kings and to their subjects, Pr 31:3-5. Advises rather to give wine and strong drink to poor people, such as are in distress; as being more useful to them, at least less prejudicial, Pr 31:6,7; and exhorts her son to the duties of his office; by pleading the cause of the poor and injured, and administering justice to them, Pr 31:8,9. And then at large describes a virtuous woman; perhaps designed as an instruction to her son in the choice of a wife, Pr 31:10-31; though more than that may be intended by it.