Salmi 69

1 Al Capo de’ musici. Sopra "i gigli". Di Davide. Salvami, o Dio, poiché le acque mi son giunte fino all’anima.

2 Io sono affondato in un profondo pantano, ove non v’è da fermare il piede; son giunto in acque profonde e la corrente mi sommerge.

3 Sono stanco di gridare, la mia gola è riarsa; gli occhi mi vengon meno, mentre aspetto il mio Dio.

4 Quelli che m’odiano senza cagione sono più numerosi de’ capelli del mio capo; sono potenti quelli che mi vorrebbero distrutto e che a torto mi sono nemici; perfino quello che non avevo preso, l’ho dovuto restituire.

5 O Dio, tu conosci la mia follia, e le mie colpe non ti sono occulte.

6 Non sian confusi, per cagion mia, quelli che sperano in te, o Signore, Eterno degli eserciti! Non siano svergognati per cagion mia, quelli che ti cercano, o Dio d’Israele!

7 Perché per amor tuo io porto il vituperio, e la vergogna mi copre la faccia.

8 Io son divenuto un estraneo ai miei fratelli, e un forestiero ai figliuoli di mia madre.

9 Poiché lo zelo della tua casa mi ha roso, e i vituperi di quelli che ti vituperano son caduti su me.

10 Io ho pianto, ho afflitto l’anima mia col digiuno, ma questo è divenuto un motivo d’obbrobrio.

11 Ho fatto d’un cilicio il mio vestito, ma son diventato il loro ludibrio.

12 Quelli che seggono alla porta discorron di me, e sono oggetto di canzone ai bevitori di cervogia.

13 Ma, quanto a me, la mia preghiera sale a te, o Eterno, nel tempo accettevole; o Dio, nella grandezza della tua misericordia, rispondimi, secondo la verità della tua salvezza.

14 Tirami fuor del pantano, e ch’io non affondi! Fa’ ch’io sia liberato da quelli che m’odiano, e dalle acque profonde.

15 Non mi sommerga la corrente delle acque, non m’inghiottisca il gorgo, e non chiuda il pozzo la sua bocca su di me!

16 Rispondimi, o Eterno, perché la tua grazia è piena di bontà; secondo la grandezza delle tue compassioni, volgiti a me.

17 E non nascondere il tuo volto dal tuo servo, perché sono in distretta; affrettati a rispondermi.

18 Accostati all’anima mia, e redimila; riscattami per cagion de’ miei nemici.

19 Tu conosci il mio vituperio, la mia onta e la mia ignominia; i miei nemici son tutti davanti a te.

20 Il vituperio m’ha spezzato il cuore e son tutto dolente; ho aspettato chi si condolesse meco, non v’è stato alcuno; ho aspettato dei consolatori, ma non ne ho trovati.

21 Anzi mi han dato del fiele per cibo, e, nella mia sete, m’han dato a ber dell’aceto.

22 Sia la mensa, che sta loro dinanzi, un laccio per essi; e, quando si credon sicuri, sia per loro un tranello!

23 Gli occhi loro si oscurino, sì che non veggano più, e fa’ loro del continuo vacillare i lombi.

24 Spandi l’ira tua su loro, e l’ardore del tuo corruccio li colga.

25 La loro dimora sia desolata, nessuno abiti nelle loro tende.

26 Poiché perseguitano colui che tu hai percosso, e si raccontano i dolori di quelli che tu hai feriti.

27 Aggiungi iniquità alla loro iniquità, e non abbian parte alcuna nella tua giustizia.

28 Sian cancellati dal libro della vita, e non siano iscritti con i giusti.

29 Quanto a me, io son misero e addolorato; la tua salvezza, o Dio, mi levi in alto.

30 Io celebrerò il nome di Dio con un canto, e lo magnificherò con le mie lodi.

31 E ciò sarà accettevole all’Eterno più d’un bue, più d’un giovenco con corna ed unghie.

32 I mansueti lo vedranno e si rallegreranno; o voi che cercate Iddio, il cuor vostro riviva!

33 Poiché l’Eterno ascolta i bisognosi, non sprezza i suoi prigionieri.

34 Lo lodino i cieli e la terra, i mari e tutto ciò che si muove in essi!

35 Poiché Dio salverà Sion, e riedificherà le città di Giuda; il suo popolo abiterà in Sion e la possederà.

36 Anche la progenie de’ suoi servitori l’avrà per sua eredità, e quelli che amano il suo nome vi abiteranno.

Salmi 69 Commentary

Chapter 69

David complains of great distress. (1-12) And begs for succour. (13-21) He declares the judgments of God. (22-29) He concludes with joy and praise. (30-36)

Verses 1-12 We should frequently consider the person of the Sufferer here spoken of, and ask why, as well as what he suffered, that, meditating thereon, we may be more humbled for sin, and more convinced of our danger, so that we may feel more gratitude and love, constraining us to live to His glory who died for our salvation. Hence we learn, when in affliction, to commit the keeping of our souls to God, that we may not be soured with discontent, or sink into despair. David was hated wrongfully, but the words far more fully apply to Christ. In a world where unrighteousness reigns so much, we must not wonder if we meet with those that are our enemies wrongfully. Let us take care that we never do wrong; then if we receive wrong, we may the better bear it. By the satisfaction Christ made to God for our sin by his blood, he restored that which he took not away, he paid our debt, suffered for our offences. Even when we can plead Not guilty, as to men's unjust accusations, yet before God we must acknowledge ourselves to deserve all that is brought upon us. All our sins take rise from our foolishness. They are all done in God's sight. David complains of the unkindness of friends and relations. This was fulfilled in Christ, whose brethren did not believe on him, and who was forsaken by his disciples. Christ made satisfaction for us, not only by putting off the honours due to God, but by submitting to the greatest dishonours that could be done to any man. We need not be discouraged if our zeal for the truths, precepts, and worship of God, should provoke some, and cause others to mock our godly sorrow and deadness to the world.

Verses 13-21 Whatever deep waters of affliction or temptation we sink into, whatever floods of trouble or ungodly men seem ready to overwhelm us, let us persevere in prayer to our Lord to save us. The tokens of God's favour to us are enough to keep our spirits from sinking in the deepest outward troubles. If we think well of God, and continue to do so under the greatest hardships, we need not fear but he will do well for us. And if at any time we are called on to suffer reproach and shame, for Christ's sake, this may be our comfort, that he knows it. It bears hard on one that knows the worth of a good name, to be oppressed with a bad one; but when we consider what a favour it is to be accounted worthy to suffer shame for the name of Jesus, we shall see that there is no reason why it should be heart-breaking to us. The sufferings of Christ were here particularly foretold, which proves the Scripture to be the word of God; and how exactly these predictions were fulfilled in Jesus Christ, which proves him to be the true Messiah. The vinegar and the gall given to him, were a faint emblem of that bitter cup which he drank up, that we might drink the cup of salvation. We cannot expect too little from men, miserable comforters are they all; nor can we expect too much from the God of all comfort and consolation.

Verses 22-29 These are prophecies of the destruction of Christ's ( psalms 69:22-23 ) upon the unbelieving Jews, in ( romans 11:9 romans 11:10 ) . When the supports of life and delights of sense, through the corruption of our nature, are made the food and fuel of sin, then our table is a snare. Their sin was, that they would not see, but shut their eyes against the light, loving darkness rather; their punishment was, that they should not see, but should be given up to their own hearts' lusts which hardened them. Those who reject God's great salvation proffered to them, may justly fear that his indignation will be poured out upon them. If men will sin, the Lord will reckon for it. But those that have multiplied to sin, may yet find mercy, through the righteousness of the Mediator. God shuts not out any from that righteousness; the gospel excludes none who do not, by unbelief, shut themselves out. But those who are proud and self-willed, so that they will not come in to God's righteousness, shall have their doom accordingly; they themselves decide it. Let those not expect any benefit thereby, who are not glad to be beholden to it. It is better to be poor and sorrowful, with the blessing of the Lord, than rich and jovial, and under his curse. This may be applied to Christ. He was, when on earth, a man of sorrows that had not where to lay his head; but God exalted him. Let us call upon the Lord, and though poor and sorrowful, guilty and defiled, his salvation will set us up on high.

Verses 30-36 The psalmist concludes the psalm with holy joy and praise, which he began with complaints of his grief. It is a great comfort to us, that humble and thankful praises are more pleasing to God than the most costly, pompous sacrifices. The humble shall look to him, and be glad; those that seek him through Christ shall live and be comforted. God will do great things for the gospel church, in which let all who wish well to it rejoice. A seed shall serve him on earth, and his servants shall inherit his heavenly kingdom. Those that love his name shall dwell before him for ever. He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things? Arise, thou great Restorer of the ancient places to dwell in, and turn away ungodliness from thy people.

Chapter Summary

To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, [A Psalm] of David. Of the word "shoshannim," See Gill on "Ps 45:1," title. The Targum renders it, "concerning the removal of the sanhedrim;" which was about the time of Christ's death. The Talmudists {t} say, that forty years before the destruction of the temple, the sanhedrim removed, they removed from the paved chamber, &c. But it can hardly be thought that David prophesied of this affair; nor of the captivity of the people of Israel, as the Targum, Aben Ezra, Kimchi, Arama, and R. Obadiah interpret it: and so Jarchi takes the word "shoshannim" to signify lilies, and applies it to the Israelites, who are as a lily among thorns. But not a body of people, but a single person, is spoken of, and in sorrowful and suffering circumstances; and, if the Jews were not blind, they might see that they are the enemies of the person designed, and the evil men from whom he suffered so much. And indeed what is said of him cannot be said of them, nor of any other person whatever but the Messiah: and that the psalm belongs to Christ, and to the times of the Gospel, is abundantly evident from the citations out of it in the New Testament; as

Psalm 69:4 in John 15:25;
Psalm 69:9 in John 2:17;
Psalm 69:21 in Matthew 27:34;
Psalm 69:22 in Romans 11:9;
Psalm 69:25 in Acts 1:16.

The inscription of the psalm in the Syriac version is, "'a psalm' of David, according to the letter, when Shemuah (Sheba), the son of Bichri, blew a trumpet, and the people ceased from following after him (David); but the prophecy is said concerning those things which the Messiah suffered, and concerning the rejection of the Jews." And Aben Ezra interprets Psalm 69:36 of the days of David, or of the days of the Messiah.

{t} T. Bab. Avoda Zara, fol. 8. 2. & Roshhashanah, fol. 31. 1, 2.