1 Samuel 21:4

4 And the priest answered David, "I have no common bread on hand, but there is 1holy bread--2if the young men have kept themselves from women."

1 Samuel 21:4 Meaning and Commentary

1 Samuel 21:4

And the priest answered David, and said, [there is] no common
bread under mine hand
In the tabernacle, though he might have such in his own house; which was common for any man to eat of, even such as were not priests; but he had none there, and David was in haste to be gone because of Doeg, and could not stay till such was fetched:

but there is hallowed bread;
such as was devoted to sacred use. Kimchi's father thinks this was the bread of the thank offering, to which Ben Gersom inclines; otherwise the Jewish writers in general understand it of the shewbread; and it is clear it was that from ( 1 Samuel 21:6 ) and from what our Lord says, ( Matthew 12:4 ) . Now this the priest had under his hand, being just taken off of the shewbread table, and was the perquisite of the priests; and which, though it was not lawful for any but priests to eat of, yet in this case of necessity he seemed willing to give it to David and his men, on this condition: if the young men have kept themselves at least from women; from their wives or others, and from any pollution by them, in any way or manner; but as this was also only of a ceremonial kind, it might as well have been dispensed with, had this been the case, as the other.

1 Samuel 21:4 In-Context

2 And David said to Ahimelech the priest, "The king has charged me with a matter and said to me, 'Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.' I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place.
3 Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here."
4 And the priest answered David, "I have no common bread on hand, but there is holy bread--if the young men have kept themselves from women."
5 And David answered the priest, "Truly women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition. The vessels of the young men are holy even when it is an ordinary journey. How much more today will their vessels be holy?"
6 So the priest gave him the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the LORD, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.

Cross References 2

  • 1. Exodus 25:30; Leviticus 24:5; Matthew 12:3, 4; Mark 2:25, 26; Luke 6:3, 4
  • 2. Exodus 19:15
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.