Exodus 28:1-30

The Priests' Garments

1 "Then bring near to you 1Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the people of Israel, to serve me as priests--Aaron and Aaron's sons, 2Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
2 3And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for beauty.
3 You shall speak to all the 4skillful, whom I have filled with a spirit of skill, that they make Aaron's garments to consecrate him for my priesthood.
4 These are the garments that they shall make: a 5breastpiece, an 6ephod, 7a robe, 8a coat of checker work, 9a turban, and 10a sash. They shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and his sons to serve me as priests.
5 They shall receive 11gold, blue and purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen.
6 12"And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue and purple and scarlet yarns, and of fine twined linen, skillfully worked.
7 It shall have two shoulder pieces attached to its two edges, so that it may be joined together.
8 And the 13skillfully woven band on it shall be made like it and be of one piece with it, of gold, blue and purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen.
9 You shall take two onyx stones, and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel,
10 six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the remaining six on the other stone, in the order of their birth.
11 As a jeweler engraves signets, so shall you engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel. You shall enclose them in settings of gold filigree.
12 And you shall set the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel. And 14Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders 15for remembrance.
13 You shall make settings of gold filigree,
14 and two chains of pure gold, twisted like cords; and you shall attach the corded chains to the settings.
15 16"You shall make a breastpiece of judgment, in skilled work. In the style of the ephod you shall make it--of gold, blue and purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen shall you make it.
16 It shall be square and doubled, a span[a] its length and a span its breadth.
17 17You shall set in it four rows of stones. A row of sardius,[b] topaz, and carbuncle shall be the first row;
18 and the second row an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond;
19 and the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst;
20 and the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. They shall be set in gold filigree.
21 There shall be twelve stones with their names according to the names of the sons of Israel. They shall be like signets, each engraved with its name, for the twelve tribes.
22 You shall make for the breastpiece twisted chains like cords, of pure gold.
23 And you shall make for the breastpiece two rings of gold, and put the two rings on the two edges of the breastpiece.
24 And you shall put the two cords of gold in the two rings at the edges of the breastpiece.
25 The two ends of the two cords you shall attach to the two settings of filigree, and so attach it in front to the shoulder pieces of the ephod.
26 You shall make two rings of gold, and put them at the two ends of the breastpiece, on its inside edge next to the ephod.
27 And you shall make two rings of gold, and attach them in front to the lower part of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, at its seam above the 18skillfully woven band of the ephod.
28 And they shall bind the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, so that it may lie on the skillfully woven band of the ephod, so that the breastpiece shall not come loose from the ephod.
29 19So Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of judgment on his heart, when he goes into the Holy Place, to bring them to regular 20remembrance before the LORD.
30 And in the breastpiece of judgment 21you shall put the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be on Aaron's heart, when he goes in before the LORD. Thus Aaron shall bear the judgment of the people of Israel on his heart before the LORD regularly.

Exodus 28:1-30 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 28

This chapter informs us of the servants God would have to minister to him in the house, or tabernacle, he had ordered to be made, even Aaron and his sons, Ex 28:1 of the garments they were to wear in their service, Ex 28:2-5 and first of the garments of the high priest, and particularly of the ephod, with the girdle, on the shoulder pieces of which were to be two onyx stones, with the names of the children of Israel engraved on them, Ex 28:6-14, and that of the breastplate of judgment, with the Urim and Thummum in it, Ex 28:15-30 and of the robe of the ephod, Ex 28:31-35, and of the mitre, Ex 28:36-39 and then of the garments of the common priests, Ex 28:40-43.

Cross References 21

  • 1. Numbers 18:7; Hebrews 5:4
  • 2. See Exodus 6:23
  • 3. ver. 40; Exodus 29:29; Exodus 31:10; Exodus 39:1, 2; Leviticus 8:7, 30; Numbers 20:26, 28; See Exodus 29:5-9
  • 4. Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:10, 25; Exodus 36:1
  • 5. ver. 15
  • 6. ver. 6
  • 7. ver. 31
  • 8. ver. 39; [Leviticus 8:7]
  • 9. ver. 39; [Leviticus 8:7]
  • 10. ver. 39; [Leviticus 8:7]
  • 11. Exodus 25:3
  • 12. For ver. 6-12, see Exodus 39:2-7
  • 13. ver. 27, 28; Exodus 29:5; Exodus 39:5; Leviticus 8:7
  • 14. ver. 29, 30
  • 15. [Numbers 16:40; Joshua 4:7; Zechariah 6:14]
  • 16. For ver. 15-28, see Exodus 39:8-21
  • 17. [Ezekiel 28:13; Revelation 21:19, 20]
  • 18. ver. 8
  • 19. ver. 12, 30
  • 20. See ver. 12
  • 21. Leviticus 8:8; Numbers 27:21; Deuteronomy 33:8; 1 Samuel 28:6; Ezra 2:63; Nehemiah 7:65; [1 Samuel 23:9; 1 Samuel 30:7, 8]

Footnotes 2

  • [a]. A span was about 9 inches or 22 centimeters
  • [b]. The identity of some of these stones is uncertain
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.