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Bible Study ToolsBible VersionsNIV2 Samuel 23

2 Samuel 23 (New International Version)

The Last Words of David

1 These are the last words of David: "The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man exalted1 by the Most High, the man anointed2 by the God of Jacob, Israel's singer of songsa: 2 "The Spirit3 of the LORD spoke through me; his word was on my tongue. 3 The God of Israel spoke, the Rock4 of Israel said to me: 'When one rules over men in righteousness,5 when he rules in the fear6 of God,7 4 he is like the light8 of morning9 at sunrise10 on a cloudless morning, like the brightness after rain11 that brings the grass from the earth.' 5 "Is not my house right with God? Has he not made with me an everlasting covenant,12 arranged and secured in every part? Will he not bring to fruition my salvation and grant me my every desire? 6 But evil men are all to be cast aside like thorns,13 which are not gathered with the hand. 7 Whoever touches thorns uses a tool of iron or the shaft of a spear; they are burned up where they lie."

David's Mighty Men

23:8-39pp -- 1Ch 11:10-41

8 These are the names of David's mighty men:14 Josheb-Basshebeth,b15 a Tahkemonite,c was chief of the Three; he raised his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killedd in one encounter. 9 Next to him was Eleazar son of Dodai16 the Ahohite.17 As one of the three mighty men, he was with David when they taunted the Philistines gathered [at Pas Dammim]e for battle. Then the men of Israel retreated, 10 but he stood his ground and struck down the Philistines till his hand grew tired and froze to the sword. The LORD brought about a great victory that day. The troops returned to Eleazar, but only to strip the dead. 11 Next to him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines banded together at a place where there was a field full of lentils, Israel's troops fled from them. 12 But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field. He defended it and struck the Philistines down, and the LORD brought about a great victory. 13 During harvest time, three of the thirty chief men came down to David at the cave of Adullam,18 while a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.19 14 At that time David was in the stronghold,20 and the Philistine garrison was at Bethlehem.21 15 David longed for water and said, "Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!" 16 So the three mighty men broke through the Philistine lines, drew water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem and carried it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured22 it out before the Lord. 17 "Far be it from me, O Lord, to do this!" he said. "Is it not the blood23 of men who went at the risk of their lives?" And David would not drink it. Such were the exploits of the three mighty men. 18 Abishai24 the brother of Joab son of Zeruiah was chief of the Three.f He raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed, and so he became as famous as the Three. 19 Was he not held in greater honor than the Three? He became their commander, even though he was not included among them. 20 Benaiah25 son of Jehoiada was a valiant fighter from Kabzeel,26 who performed great exploits. He struck down two of Moab's best men. He also went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion. 21 And he struck down a huge Egyptian. Although the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club. He snatched the spear from the Egyptian's hand and killed him with his own spear. 22 Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada; he too was as famous as the three mighty men. 23 He was held in greater honor than any of the Thirty, but he was not included among the Three. And David put him in charge of his bodyguard. 24 Among the Thirty were: Asahel27 the brother of Joab, Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem, 25 Shammah the Harodite,28 Elika the Harodite, 26 Helez29 the Paltite, Ira30 son of Ikkesh from Tekoa, 27 Abiezer31 from Anathoth,32 Mebunnaig the Hushathite, 28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai33 the Netophathite,34 29 Heledh35 son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah36 in Benjamin, 30 Benaiah the Pirathonite,37 Hiddaii from the ravines of Gaash,38 31 Abi-Albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,39 32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan 33 son ofj Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharark the Hararite, 34 Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite,40 Eliam41 son of Ahithophel42 the Gilonite, 35 Hezro the Carmelite,43 Paarai the Arbite, 36 Igal son of Nathan from Zobah,44 the son of Hagri,l 37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite,45 the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah, 38 Ira the Ithrite,46 Gareb the Ithrite 39 and Uriah47 the Hittite. There were thirty-seven in all.
Study Tools Footnotes Cross References
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Geneva Study Bible
John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete)
Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Concise)
Scofield Reference Notes (1917 Edition)
Treasury Of Scripture Knowledge
Wesley's Explanatory Notes
a. 2 Samuel 23:1 - Or "Israel's beloved singer"
b. 2 Samuel 23:8 - Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts suggest "Ish-Bosheth," that is, "Esh-Baal" (see also 1 Chron. 11:11 "Jashobeam").
c. 2 Samuel 23:8 - Probably a variant of "Hacmonite" (see 1 Chron. 11:11)
d. 2 Samuel 23:8 - Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:11); Hebrew and other Septuagint manuscripts "Three; it was Adino the Eznite who killed eight hundred men"
e. 2 Samuel 23:9 - See 1 Chron. 11:13; Hebrew "gathered there".
f. 2 Samuel 23:18 - Most Hebrew manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:20); two Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac "Thirty"
g. 2 Samuel 23:27 - Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:29) "Sibbecai"
h. 2 Samuel 23:29 - Some Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate (see also 1 Chron. 11:30); most Hebrew manuscripts "Heleb"
i. 2 Samuel 23:30 - Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:32) "Hurai"
j. 2 Samuel 23:33 - Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:34); Hebrew does not have "son of."
k. 2 Samuel 23:33 - Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:35) "Sacar"
l. 2 Samuel 23:36 - Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:38); Hebrew "Haggadi"
1. 2 Samuel 23:1 - S Ex 11:3; 2Sa 7:8-9; Ps 78:70-71; 89:27
2. 2 Samuel 23:1 - 1Sa 2:10,35; Ps 18:50; 20:6; 84:9; Isa 45:1; Hab 3:13; 1Sa 16:12-13; Ps 89:20
3. 2 Samuel 23:2 - Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; 2Pe 1:21
4. 2 Samuel 23:3 - Dt 32:4; S 1Sa 2:2; Ps 18:31; 2Sa 22:2,32
5. 2 Samuel 23:3 - Ps 72:2
6. 2 Samuel 23:3 - S Ge 42:18
7. 2 Samuel 23:3 - 2Ch 19:7,9; Isa 11:1-5
8. 2 Samuel 23:4 - Jn 1:5
9. 2 Samuel 23:4 - Ps 119:147; 130:6; Pr 4:18
10. 2 Samuel 23:4 - S Jdg 5:31; Ps 89:36; Mt 13:43
11. 2 Samuel 23:4 - S Dt 32:2
12. 2 Samuel 23:5 - S Ge 9:16; Ps 89:29; Isa 55:3
13. 2 Samuel 23:6 - Isa 5:6; 9:18; 10:17; 27:4; 33:12; Mic 7:4; Na 1:10; Mt 13:40-41
14. 2 Samuel 23:8 - S 2Sa 17:10
15. 2 Samuel 23:8 - 1Ch 27:2
16. 2 Samuel 23:9 - 1Ch 27:4
17. 2 Samuel 23:9 - 1Ch 8:4
18. 2 Samuel 23:13 - S Ge 38:1; S Jos 12:15; 1Sa 22:1
19. 2 Samuel 23:13 - S Jos 17:15; 2Sa 5:18
20. 2 Samuel 23:14 - 1Sa 22:4-5; S 2Sa 5:17
21. 2 Samuel 23:14 - Ru 1:19
22. 2 Samuel 23:16 - S Ge 35:14
23. 2 Samuel 23:17 - Lev 17:10-12
24. 2 Samuel 23:18 - S 1Sa 26:6; 2Sa 10:10,14; 1Ch 11:20
25. 2 Samuel 23:20 - S 2Sa 8:18; 20:23; 1Ch 27:5
26. 2 Samuel 23:20 - Jos 15:21
27. 2 Samuel 23:24 - S 2Sa 2:18
28. 2 Samuel 23:25 - Jdg 7:1; 1Ch 11:27
29. 2 Samuel 23:26 - 1Ch 27:10
30. 2 Samuel 23:26 - 1Ch 27:9
31. 2 Samuel 23:27 - 1Ch 27:12
32. 2 Samuel 23:27 - S Jos 21:18
33. 2 Samuel 23:28 - 1Ch 27:13
34. 2 Samuel 23:28 - 2Ki 25:23; Ezr 2:22; Ne 7:26; Jer 40:8
35. 2 Samuel 23:29 - 1Ch 27:15
36. 2 Samuel 23:29 - S Jos 15:57
37. 2 Samuel 23:30 - S Jdg 12:13
38. 2 Samuel 23:30 - Jos 24:30
39. 2 Samuel 23:31 - 2Sa 3:16
40. 2 Samuel 23:34 - S Dt 3:14
41. 2 Samuel 23:34 - S 2Sa 11:3
42. 2 Samuel 23:34 - S 2Sa 15:12
43. 2 Samuel 23:35 - S Jos 12:22
44. 2 Samuel 23:36 - S 1Sa 14:47
45. 2 Samuel 23:37 - S Jos 9:17
46. 2 Samuel 23:38 - 2Sa 20:26; 1Ch 2:53
47. 2 Samuel 23:39 - 2Sa 11:3
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