1 Samuel 1

1 Und es war ein Mann von Ramathajim-Zophim, vom Gebirge Ephraim, und sein Name war Elkana, der Sohn Jerochams, des Sohnes Elihus, des Sohnes Tochus, des Sohnes Zuphs, ein Ephratiter.

2 Und er hatte zwei Weiber: der Name der einen war Hanna, und der Name der anderen Peninna; und Peninna hatte Kinder, aber Hanna hatte keine Kinder.

3 Und dieser Mann ging von Jahr zu Jahr aus seiner Stadt hinauf, um Jehova der Heerscharen anzubeten und ihm zu opfern zu Silo; und daselbst waren die beiden Söhne Elis, Hophni und Pinehas, Priester Jehovas.

4 Und es geschah an dem Tage, da Elkana opferte, da gab er seinem Weibe Peninna und allen ihren Söhnen und ihren Töchtern Stücke;

5 aber Hanna gab er ein doppeltes Stück, denn er liebte Hanna; aber Jehova hatte ihren Mutterleib verschlossen.

6 Und ihre Widersacherin kränkte sie mit vieler Kränkung, um sie aufzubringen, weil Jehova ihren Mutterleib verschlossen hatte.

7 Und so wie er das Jahr für Jahr tat, also kränkte sie sie, so oft sie zum Hause Jehovas hinaufzog; und sie weinte und aß nicht.

8 Und Elkana, ihr Mann, sprach zu ihr: Hanna, warum weinst du? Und warum issest du nicht? Und warum ist dein Herz betrübt? Bin ich dir nicht besser als zehn Söhne?

9 Und Hanna stand auf nach dem Essen und nach dem Trinken zu Silo. Eli, der Priester, saß aber auf dem Stuhle an einem der Türpfosten des Tempels Jehovas.

10 Und sie war bitteren Gemütes, und sie flehte zu Jehova und weinte sehr.

11 Und sie tat ein Gelübde und sprach: Jehova der Heerscharen! Wenn du das Elend deiner Magd ansehen und meiner gedenken und deine Magd nicht vergessen wirst und wirst deiner Magd männlichen Samen geben, so will ich ihn Jehova geben alle Tage seines Lebens; und kein Schermesser soll auf sein Haupt kommen.

12 Und es geschah, als sie lange vor Jehova betete, daß Eli ihren Mund beobachtete.

13 Hanna aber redete in ihrem Herzen; nur ihre Lippen bewegten sich, aber ihre Stimme wurde nicht gehört; und Eli hielt sie für eine Trunkene.

14 Und Eli sprach zu ihr: Bis wann willst du dich wie eine Trunkene gebärden? Tue deinen Wein von dir!

15 Aber Hanna antwortete und sprach: Nein, mein Herr! Ein Weib beschwerten Geistes bin ich; weder Wein noch starkes Getränk habe ich getrunken, sondern ich schüttete meine Seele vor Jehova aus.

16 Setze nicht deine Magd einer Tochter Belials gleich; denn aus der Fülle meines Kummers und meiner Kränkung habe ich bisher geredet.

17 Und Eli antwortete und sprach: Gehe hin in Frieden; und der Gott Israels gewähre deine Bitte, die du von ihm erbeten hast!

18 Und sie sprach: Möge deine Magd Gnade finden in deinen Augen! Und das Weib ging ihres Weges und aß, und ihr Angesicht war nicht mehr dasselbe.

19 Und sie machten sich des Morgens früh auf und beteten an vor Jehova; und sie kehrten zurück und kamen in ihr Haus nach Rama. Und Elkana erkannte Hanna, sein Weib, und Jehova gedachte ihrer.

20 Und es geschah nach Umlauf der Zeit, da ward Hanna schwanger und gebar einen Sohn; und sie gab ihm den Namen Samuel: Denn von Jehova habe ich ihn erbeten.

21 Und der Mann Elkana ging hinauf mit seinem ganzen Hause, um Jehova das jährliche Schlachtopfer zu opfern und sein Gelübde zu erfüllen.

22 Aber Hanna ging nicht hinauf; denn sie sprach zu ihrem Manne: Bis der Knabe entwöhnt ist, dann will ich ihn bringen, daß er vor Jehova erscheine und dort bleibe auf immer.

23 Und Elkana, ihr Mann, sprach zu ihr: Tue, was gut ist in deinen Augen; bleibe, bis du ihn entwöhnt hast; nur möge Jehova sein Wort aufrecht halten! So blieb das Weib und säugte ihren Sohn, bis sie ihn entwöhnt hatte.

24 Und sobald sie ihn entwöhnt hatte, brachte sie ihn mit sich hinauf nebst drei Farren und einem Epha Mehl und einem Schlauch Wein, und brachte ihn in das Haus Jehovas nach Silo; und der Knabe war noch jung.

25 Und sie schlachteten den Farren und brachten den Knaben zu Eli.

26 Und sie sprach: Bitte, mein Herr! So wahr deine Seele lebt, mein Herr, ich bin das Weib, das hier bei dir stand, um zu Jehova zu flehen.

27 Um diesen Knaben habe ich gefleht, und Jehova hat mir meine Bitte gewährt, die ich von ihm erbeten habe.

28 So habe auch ich ihn Jehova geliehen; alle die Tage, die er lebt, ist er Jehova geliehen. Und er betete daselbst Jehova an.

1 Samuel 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

In this book we have an account of Eli, and the wickedness of his sons; also of Samuel, his character and actions. Then of the advancement of Saul to be the king of Israel, and his ill behaviour, until his death made way for David's succession to the throne, who was an eminent type of Christ. David's patience, modesty, constancy, persecution by open enemies and feigned friends, are a pattern and example to the church, and to every member of it. Many things in this book encourage the faith, hope, and patience of the suffering believer. It contains also many useful cautions and awful warnings.

Elkanah and his family. (1-8) Hannah's prayer. (9-18) Samuel, Hannah presents him to the Lord. (19-28)

Verses 1-8 Elkanah kept up his attendance at God's altar, notwithstanding the unhappy differences in his family. If the devotions of a family prevail not to put an end to its divisions, yet let not the divisions put a stop to the devotions. To abate our just love to any relation for the sake of any infirmity which they cannot help, and which is their affliction, is to make God's providence quarrel with his precept, and very unkindly to add affliction to the afflicted. It is evidence of a base disposition, to delight in grieving those who are of a sorrowful spirit, and in putting those out of humour who are apt to fret and be uneasy. We ought to bear one another's burdens, not add to them. Hannah could not bear the provocation. Those who are of a fretful spirit, and are apt to lay provocations too much to heart, are enemies to themselves, and strip themselves of many comforts both of life and godliness. We ought to notice comforts, to keep us from grieving for crosses. We should look at that which is for us, as well as what is against us.

Verses 9-18 Hannah mingled tears with her prayers; she considered the mercy of our God, who knows the troubled soul. God gives us leave, in prayer, not only to ask good things in general, but to mention that special good thing we most need and desire. She spoke softly, none could hear her. Hereby she testified her belief of God's knowledge of the heart and its desires. Eli was high priest, and judge in Israel. It ill becomes us to be rash and hasty in censures of others, and to think people guilty of bad things while the matter is doubtful and unproved. Hannah did not retort the charge, and upbraid Eli with the wicked conduct of his own sons. When we are at any time unjustly censured, we have need to set a double watch before the door of our lips, that we do not return censure for censure. Hannah thought it enough to clear herself, and so must we. Eli was willing to acknowledge his mistake. Hannah went away with satisfaction of mind. She had herself by prayer committed her case to God, and Eli had prayed for her. Prayer is heart's ease to a gracious soul. Prayer will smooth the countenance; it should do so. None will long remain miserable, who use aright the privilege of going to the mercy-seat of a reconciled God in Christ Jesus.

Verses 19-28 Elkanah and his family had a journey before them, and a family of children to take with them, yet they would not move till they had worshipped God together. Prayer and provender do not hinder a journey. When men are in such haste to set out upon journeys, or to engage in business, that they have not time to worship God, they are likely to proceed without his presence and blessing. Hannah, though she felt a warm regard for the courts of God's house, begged to stay at home. God will have mercy, and not sacrifice. Those who are detained from public ordinances, by the nursing and tending of little children, may take comfort from this instance, and believe, that if they do that duty in a right spirit, God will graciously accept them therein. Hannah presented her child to the Lord with a grateful acknowledgment of his goodness in answer to prayer. Whatever we give to God, it is what we have first asked and received from him. All our gifts to him were first his gifts to us. The child Samuel early showed true piety. Little children should be taught to worship God when very young. Their parents should teach them in it, bring them to it, and put them on doing it as well as they can; God will graciously accept them, and will teach them to do better.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL

\\OTHERWISE CALLED\\ \\THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS\\

This book, in the Hebrew copies, is commonly called Samuel, or the Book of Samuel; in the Syriac version, the Book of Samuel the Prophet; and in the Arabic version, the Book of Samuel the Prophet, which is the First Book of the Kings; and the Septuagint version, the Book of the Kingdom: it has the name of Samuel, because it contains an history of his life and times; and the Jews say {a} it was written by him; and as it may well enough be thought to be, to the end of the twenty fourth chapter; and the rest might be written by Nathan and Gad, as may he gathered from 1Ch 29:29 as also the following book that bears his name; and both may be called the Books of Kings, because they give an account of the rise of the kings in Israel, and of the two first of them; though some think they were written by Jeremiah, as Abarbinel; and others ascribe them to Ezra: however, there is no doubt to be made of it that this book was written by divine inspiration, when we consider the series of its history, its connection and harmony with other parts of Scripture; the several things borrowed from it, or alluded to in the book of Psalms, particularly what is observed in Ps 113:7,8, seems to be taken out of 1Sa 2:8, and the sanction which the Lord gives to it, by referring to a fact in it, whereby he stopped the mouths of the Scribes and Pharisees cavilling at his disciples, Mt 12:3,4, compared with 1Sa 21:3-6, yea, even, as Huetius {b} observes, some Heathen writers have by their testimonies confirmed some passages in these books, which they seem to have been acquainted with, as Nicolaus of Damascus {c}, and Eupolemus {d}; it contains an history of the government of Eli, and of the birth of Samuel, and his education under him; of the succession of Samuel in it, and the resignation of it to Saul, when he was chosen king; of his administration of his office, and of things done in the time of it, both before and after his rejection, and of the persecution of David by Saul, and is concluded with his death.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Demonstrat. Evangel. Prop. 4. p. 199. {c} Apud Joseph. Antiqu. l. 7. c. 5. sect. 2. {d} Apud Euseb. Praepar. Evangel. l. 9. c. 30.

\\INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter gives an account of the parents of Samuel, of the trouble his mother met with from her rival, and comfort from her husband, 1Sa 1:1-8, of her prayer to God for a son, and of her vow to him, should one be given her, 1Sa 1:9-11 of the notice Eli took of her, and of his censure on her, which he afterwards retracted, and comforted her, 1Sa 1:12-18 of her conception and the birth of her son, the nursing and weaning of him, 1Sa 1:19-23 and of the presentation of him to the Lord, with a sacrifice, 1Sa 1:24-28.