Ecclesiastes 2:13-23

13 Then I saw that there is more gain in wisdom than in folly, as there is more gain in light than in darkness.
14 1The wise person has his eyes in his head, but the fool walks in darkness. And yet I perceived that the 2same event happens to all of them.
15 Then I said in my heart, 3"What happens to the fool will happen to me also. Why then have I been so very wise?" And I said in my heart that this also is vanity.
16 For of the wise as of the fool there is 4no enduring remembrance, seeing that in the days to come all will have been long forgotten. 5How the wise dies just like the fool!
17 So I hated life, because what is done under the sun was grievous to me, for 6all is vanity and a striving after wind.

The Vanity of Toil

18 I hated 7all my toil in which I toil under the sun, seeing that I must 8leave it to the man who will come after me,
19 and who knows whether he will be wise or a fool? Yet he will be master of all for which I toiled and used my wisdom under the sun. This also is vanity.
20 So I 9turned about and gave my heart up to despair 10over all the toil of my labors under the sun,
21 because sometimes a person who has toiled with wisdom and knowledge and skill must leave everything to be enjoyed by someone who did not toil for it. This also is vanity and a great evil.
22 What has a man from 11all the toil and striving of heart with which he toils beneath the sun?
23 For 12all his days are full of sorrow, and his 13work is a vexation. Even in the night his heart does not rest. This also is vanity.

Ecclesiastes 2:13-23 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO ECCLESIASTES 2

Solomon, having made trial of natural wisdom and knowledge in its utmost extent, and found it to be vanity, proceeds to the experiment of pleasure, and tries whether any happiness was in that, Ec 2:1. As for that which at first sight was vain, frothy, and frolicsome, he dispatches at once, and condemns it as mad and unprofitable, Ec 2:2; but as for those pleasures which were more manly, rational, and lawful, he dwells upon them, and gives a particular enumeration of them, as what he had made full trial of; as good eating and drinking, in a moderate way, without abuse; fine and spacious buildings; delightful vineyards, gardens, and orchards; parks, forests, and enclosures; fish pools, and fountains of water; a large retinue, and equipage of servants; great possessions, immense riches and treasure; a collection of the greatest rarities, and curiosities in nature; all kinds of music, vocal and instrumental, Ec 2:3-8; in all which he exceeded any that went before him; nor did he deny himself of any pleasure, in a lawful way, that could possibly be enjoyed, Ec 2:9,10. And yet on a survey of the whole, and after a thorough experience of what could be found herein, he pronounces all vanity and vexation of spirit, Ec 2:11; and returns again to his former subject, wisdom; and looks that over again, to see if he could find real happiness in it, being sadly disappointed in that of pleasure, Ec 2:12. He indeed commends wisdom, and prefers it to folly, and a wise man to a fool; Ec 2:13,14; and yet observes some things which lessen its value; and shows there is no happiness in it, the same events befalling a wise man and a fool; both alike forgotten, and die in like manner, Ec 2:15,16. And then he takes into consideration business of life, and a laborious industry to obtain wealth; and this he condemns as grievous, hateful, and vexatious, because, after all a man's acquisitions, he knows not to whom he shall leave them, whether to a wise man or a fool, Ec 2:17-21. And because a man himself has no rest all his days, nothing but sorrow and grief, Ec 2:22,23; wherefore he concludes it is best for a man to enjoy the good things of this life himself; which he confirms by his own experience, and by an, antithesis between a good man and a wicked one, Ec 2:24-26.

Cross References 13

  • 1. [Proverbs 17:24]
  • 2. Ecclesiastes 3:19; Ecclesiastes 9:2, 3; Psalms 49:10
  • 3. [ver. 16; Ecclesiastes 6:8]
  • 4. Ecclesiastes 1:11; See Ecclesiastes 9:5
  • 5. See ver. 14
  • 6. [See ver. 11 above]
  • 7. Ecclesiastes 1:3
  • 8. Psalms 39:6; Psalms 49:10
  • 9. Ecclesiastes 7:25
  • 10. Ecclesiastes 1:3
  • 11. See Ecclesiastes 1:3
  • 12. Job 5:7; Job 14:1
  • 13. See Ecclesiastes 1:13
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.