Éxodo 3

1 Moisés y la zarza ardiente
Cierto día Moisés se encontraba apacentando el rebaño de su suegro, Jetro,
quien era sacerdote de Madián. Llevó el rebaño al corazón del desierto y llegó al Sinaí,
el monte de Dios.

2 Allí el ángel del Señor
se le apareció en un fuego ardiente, en medio de una zarza. Moisés se quedó mirando lleno de asombro porque aunque la zarza estaba envuelta en llamas, no se consumía.

3 «Esto es increíble —se dijo a sí mismo—. ¿Por qué esa zarza no se consume? Tengo que ir a verla de cerca».

4 Cuando el Señor
vio que Moisés se acercaba para observar mejor, Dios lo llamó desde el medio de la zarza:
—¡Moisés! ¡Moisés!
—Aquí estoy —respondió él.

5 —No te acerques más —le advirtió el Señor
—. Quítate las sandalias, porque estás pisando tierra santa.

6 Yo soy el Dios de tu padre,
el Dios de Abraham, el Dios de Isaac y el Dios de Jacob.
Cuando Moisés oyó esto, se cubrió el rostro porque tenía miedo de mirar a Dios.

7 Luego el Señor
le dijo:
—Ciertamente he visto la opresión que sufre mi pueblo en Egipto. He oído sus gritos de angustia a causa de la crueldad de sus capataces. Estoy al tanto de sus sufrimientos.

8 Por eso he descendido para rescatarlos del poder de los egipcios, sacarlos de Egipto y llevarlos a una tierra fértil y espaciosa. Es una tierra donde fluyen la leche y la miel, la tierra donde actualmente habitan los cananeos, los hititas, los amorreos, los ferezeos, los heveos y los jebuseos.

9 ¡Mira! El clamor de los israelitas me ha llegado y he visto con cuánta crueldad abusan de ellos los egipcios.

10 Ahora ve, porque te envío al faraón. Tú vas a sacar de Egipto a mi pueblo Israel.

11 Pero Moisés protestó:
—¿Quién soy yo para presentarme ante el faraón? ¿Quién soy yo para sacar de Egipto al pueblo de Israel?

12 Dios contestó:
—Yo estaré contigo. Y esta es la señal para ti de que yo soy quien te envía: cuando hayas sacado de Egipto al pueblo, adorarán a Dios en este mismo monte.

13 Pero Moisés volvió a protestar:
—Si voy a los israelitas y les digo: “El Dios de sus antepasados me ha enviado a ustedes”, ellos me preguntarán: “¿Y cuál es el nombre de ese Dios?”. Entonces, ¿qué les responderé?
Dios le contestó a Moisés:

14 —Y
Señor
Señor
.
Dile esto al pueblo de Israel: “Y
Señor
me ha enviado a ustedes”.

15 Dios también le dijo a Moisés:
—Así dirás al pueblo de Israel: “Yahveh,
el Dios de sus antepasados, el Dios de Abraham, el Dios de Isaac y el Dios de Jacob, me ha enviado a ustedes.
Este es mi nombre eterno,
el nombre que deben recordar por todas las generaciones”.

16 »Ahora ve y reúne a los ancianos de Israel y diles: “El Señor
, el Dios de sus antepasados —el Dios de Abraham, de Isaac y de Jacob— se me apareció y me dijo: ‘He estado observando de cerca y veo el trato que reciben de los egipcios.

17 Prometí rescatarlos de la opresión que sufren en Egipto. Los llevaré a una tierra donde fluyen la leche y la miel, la tierra donde actualmente habitan los cananeos, los hititas, los amorreos, los ferezeos, los heveos y los jebuseos’”.

18 »Los ancianos de Israel aceptarán tu mensaje. Entonces tú y los ancianos se presentarán ante el rey de Egipto y le dirán: “El Señor
, Dios de los hebreos, vino a nuestro encuentro. Así que permítenos, por favor, hacer un viaje de tres días al desierto para ofrecer sacrificios al Señor
, nuestro Dios”.

19 »Pero yo sé que el rey de Egipto no los dejará ir a menos que sea forzado por una mano poderosa.

20 Así que levantaré mi mano y heriré a los egipcios con todo tipo de milagros que realizaré entre ellos. Entonces, al fin, el faraón los dejará ir.

21 Además haré que los egipcios los miren con agrado. Les darán obsequios cuando salgan, de modo que no se irán con las manos vacías.

22 Toda mujer israelita pedirá a sus vecinas egipcias y a las mujeres extranjeras que vivan con ellas toda clase de objetos de plata y de oro, y prendas costosas. Con estos vestirán a sus hijos e hijas. Así despojarán a los egipcios de sus riquezas.

Éxodo 3 Commentary

Chapter 3

God appears to Moses in a burning bush. (1-6) God sends Moses to deliver Israel. (7-10) The name Jehovah. (11-15) The deliverance of the Israelites promised. (16-22)

Verses 1-6 The years of the life of Moses are divided into three forties; the first forty he spent as a prince in Pharaoh's court, the second as a shepherd in Midian, the third as a king in Jeshurun. How changeable is the life of man! The first appearance of God to Moses, found him tending sheep. This seems a poor employment for a man of his parts and education, yet he rests satisfied with it; and thus learns meekness and contentment, for which he is more noted in sacred writ, than for all his learning. Satan loves to find us idle; God is pleased when he finds us employed. Being alone, is a good friend to our communion with God. To his great surprise, Moses saw a bush burning without fire to kindle it. The bush burned, and yet did not burn away; an emblem of the church in bondage in Egypt. And it fitly reminds us of the church in every age, under its severest persecutions kept by the presence of God from being destroyed. Fire is an emblem, in Scripture, of the Divine holiness and justice, also of the afflictions and trials with which God proves and purifies his people, and even of that baptism of the Holy Ghost, by which sinful affections are consumed, and the soul changed into the Divine nature and image. God gave Moses a gracious call, to which he returned a ready answer. Those that would have communion with God, must attend upon him in the ordinances wherein he is pleased to manifest himself and his glory, though it be in a bush. Putting off the shoe was a token of respect and submission. We ought to draw nigh to God with a solemn pause and preparation, carefully avoiding every thing that looks light and rude, and unbecoming his service. God does not say, I was the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but I am. The patriarchs still live, so many years after their bodies have been in the grave. No length of time can separate the souls of the just from their Maker. By this, God instructed Moses as to another world, and strengthened his belief of a future state. Thus it is interpreted by our Lord Jesus, who, from hence, proves that the dead are raised, Lu. 20:37 . Moses hid his face, as if both ashamed and afraid to look upon God. The more we see of God, and his grace, and covenant love, the more cause we shall see to worship him with reverence and godly fear.

Verses 7-10 God notices the afflictions of Israel. Their sorrows; even the secret sorrows of God's people are known to him. Their cry; God hears the cries of his afflicted people. The oppression they endured; the highest and greatest of their oppressors are not above him. God promises speedy deliverance by methods out of the common ways of providence. Those whom God, by his grace, delivers out of a spiritual Egypt, he will bring to a heavenly Canaan.

Verses 11-15 Formerly Moses thought himself able to deliver Israel, and set himself to the work too hastily. Now, when the fittest person on earth for it, he knows his own weakness. This was the effect of more knowledge of God and of himself. Formerly, self-confidence mingled with strong faith and great zeal, now sinful distrust of God crept in under the garb of humility; so defective are the strongest graces and the best duties of the most eminent saints. But all objections are answered in, Certainly I will be with thee. That is enough. Two names God would now be known by. A name that denotes what he is in himself, I AM THAT I AM. This explains his name Jehovah, and signifies, 1. That he is self-existent: he has his being of himself. 2. That he is eternal and unchangeable, and always the same, yesterday, to-day, and for ever. 3. That he is incomprehensible; we cannot by searching find him out: this name checks all bold and curious inquiries concerning God. 4. That he is faithful and true to all his promises, unchangeable in his word as well as in his nature; let Israel know this, I AM hath sent me unto you. I am, and there is none else besides me. All else have their being from God, and are wholly dependent upon him. Also, here is a name that denotes what God is to his people. The Lord God of your fathers sent me unto you. Moses must revive among them the religion of their fathers, which was almost lost; and then they might expect the speedy performance of the promises made unto their fathers.

Verses 16-22 Moses' success with the elders of Israel would be good. God, who, by his grace, inclines the heart, and opens the ear, could say beforehand, They shall hearken to thy voice; for he would make them willing in this day of power. As to Pharaoh, Moses is here told that petitions and persuasions, and humble complaints, would not prevail with him; nor a mighty hand stretched out in signs and wonders. But those will certainly be broken by the power of God's hand, who will not bow to the power of his word. Pharaoh's people should furnish Israel with riches at their departure. In Pharaoh's tyranny and Israel's oppression, we see the miserable, abject state of sinners. However galling the yoke, they drudge on till the Lord sends redemption. With the invitations of the gospel, God sends the teaching of his Spirit. Thus are men made willing to seek and to strive for deliverance. Satan loses his power to hold them, they come forth with all they have and are, and apply all to the glory of God and the service of his church.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 2

In this chapter we are informed how that the Lord appeared to Moses in a bush on fire, but not consumed, Ex 3:1-6, declared unto him that he had seen and observed the afflictions of the children of Israel, and was determined to deliver them, Ex 3:7-9, that he gave him a call to be the deliverer of them, answered his objections to it, and instructed him what he should say, both to the elders of Israel and to Pharaoh, Ex 3:10-18, and assured him, that though at first Pharaoh would refuse to let them go, yet after many miracles wrought, he would be willing to dismiss them, when they should depart with great substance, Ex 3:19-22.