Éxodo 14

1 El SEÑOR habló con Moisés y le dijo:

2 «Ordénales a los israelitas que regresen y acampen frente a Pi Ajirot, entre Migdol y el mar. Que acampen junto al mar, frente a Baal Zefón.

3 El faraón va a pensar: “Los israelitas andan perdidos en esa tierra. ¡El desierto los tiene acorralados!”

4 Yo, por mi parte, endureceré el corazón del faraón para que él los persiga. Voy a cubrirme de gloria, a costa del faraón y de todo su ejército. ¡Y los egipcios sabrán que yo soy el SEÑOR!»Así lo hicieron los israelitas.

5 Y cuando el rey de Egipto se enteró de que el pueblo se había escapado, tanto él como sus funcionarios cambiaron de parecer en cuanto a los israelitas y dijeron: «¡Pero qué hemos hecho! ¿Cómo pudimos dejar que se fueran los israelitas y abandonaran su trabajo?»

6 Al momento ordenó el faraón que le prepararan su carro y, echando mano de su ejército,

7 se llevó consigo seiscientos de los mejores carros y todos los demás carros de Egipto, cada uno de ellos bajo el mando de un oficial.

8 El SEÑOR endureció el corazón del faraón, rey de Egipto, para que saliera en persecución de los israelitas, los cuales marchaban con aire triunfal.

9 Todo el ejército del faraón —caballos, carros, jinetes^[a] y tropas de Egipto— salió tras los israelitas y les dio alcance cuando estos acampaban junto al mar, cerca de Pi Ajirot y frente a Baal Zefón.

10 El faraón iba acercándose. Cuando los israelitas se fijaron y vieron a los egipcios pisándoles los talones, sintieron mucho miedo y clamaron al SEÑOR.

11 Entonces le reclamaron a Moisés:—¿Acaso no había sepulcros en Egipto, que nos sacaste de allá para morir en el desierto? ¿Qué has hecho con nosotros? ¿Para qué nos sacaste de Egipto?

12 Ya en Egipto te decíamos: “¡Déjanos en paz! ¡Preferimos servir a los egipcios!” ¡Mejor nos hubiera sido servir a los egipcios que morir en el desierto!

13 —No tengan miedo —les respondió Moisés—. Mantengan sus posiciones, que hoy mismo serán testigos de la salvación que el SEÑOR realizará en favor de ustedes. A esos egipcios que hoy ven, ¡jamás volverán a verlos!

14 Ustedes quédense quietos, que el SEÑOR presentará batalla por ustedes.

15 Pero el SEÑOR le dijo a Moisés: «¿Por qué clamas a mí? ¡Ordena a los israelitas que se pongan en marcha!

16 Y tú, levanta tu vara, extiende tu brazo sobre el mar y divide las aguas, para que los israelitas lo crucen sobre terreno seco.

17 Yo voy a endurecer el corazón de los egipcios, para que los persigan. ¡Voy a cubrirme de gloria a costa del faraón y de su ejército, y de sus carros y jinetes!

18 Y cuando me haya cubierto de gloria a costa de ellos, los egipcios sabrán que yo soy el SEÑOR».

19 Entonces el ángel de Dios, que marchaba al frente del ejército israelita, se dio vuelta y fue a situarse detrás de este. Lo mismo sucedió con la columna de nube, que dejó su puesto de vanguardia y se desplazó hacia la retaguardia,

20 quedando entre los egipcios y los israelitas. Durante toda la noche, la nube fue oscuridad para unos y luz para otros, así que en toda esa noche no pudieron acercarse los unos a los otros.

21 Moisés extendió su brazo sobre el mar, y toda la noche el SEÑOR envió sobre el mar un recio viento del este que lo hizo retroceder, convirtiéndolo en tierra seca. Las aguas del mar se dividieron,

22 y los israelitas lo cruzaron sobre tierra seca. El mar era para ellos una muralla de agua a la derecha y otra a la izquierda.

23 Los egipcios los persiguieron. Todos los caballos y carros del faraón, y todos sus jinetes, entraron en el mar tras ellos.

24 Cuando ya estaba por amanecer, el SEÑOR miró al ejército egipcio desde la columna de fuego y de nube, y sembró la confusión entre ellos:

25 hizo que las ruedas de sus carros se atascaran, de modo que se les hacía muy difícil avanzar. Entonces exclamaron los egipcios: «¡Alejémonos de los israelitas, pues el SEÑOR está peleando por ellos y contra nosotros!»

26 Entonces el SEÑOR le dijo a Moisés: «Extiende tu brazo sobre el mar, para que las aguas se vuelvan contra los egipcios y contra sus carros y jinetes».

27 Moisés extendió su brazo sobre el mar y, al despuntar el alba, el agua volvió a su estado normal. Los egipcios, en su huida, se toparon con el mar, y así el SEÑOR los hundió en el fondo del mar.

28 Al recobrar las aguas su estado normal, se tragaron a todos los carros y jinetes del faraón, y a todo el ejército que había entrado al mar para perseguir a los israelitas. Ninguno de ellos quedó con vida.

29 Los israelitas, sin embargo, cruzaron el mar sobre tierra seca, pues para ellos el mar formó una muralla de agua a la derecha y otra a la izquierda.

30 En ese día el SEÑOR salvó a Israel del poder de Egipto. Los israelitas vieron los cadáveres de los egipcios tendidos a la orilla del mar.

31 Y al ver los israelitas el gran poder que el SEÑOR había desplegado en contra de los egipcios, temieron al SEÑOR y creyeron en él y en su siervo Moisés.

Éxodo 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

God directs the Israelites to Pihahiroth, Pharaoh pursues after them. (1-9) The Israelites murmur, Moses comforts them. (10-14) God instructs Moses, The cloud between the Israelites and the Egyptians. (15-20) The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians. (21-31)

Verses 1-9 Pharaoh would think that all Israel was entangled in the wilderness, and so would become an easy prey. But God says, I will be honoured upon Pharaoh. All men being made for the honour of their Maker, those whom he is not honoured by, he will be honoured upon. What seems to tend to the church's ruin, is often overruled to the ruin of the church's enemies. While Pharaoh gratified his malice and revenge, he furthered the bringing to pass God's counsels concerning him. Though with the greatest reason he had let Israel go, yet now he was angry with himself for it. God makes the envy and rage of men against his people, a torment to themselves. Those who set their faces heavenward, and will live godly in Christ Jesus, must expect to be set upon by Satan's temptations and terrors. He will not tamely part with any out of his service.

Verses 10-14 There was no way open to Israel but upward, and thence their deliverance came. We may be in the way of duty, following God, and hastening toward heaven, yet may be troubled on every side. Some cried out unto the Lord; their fear led them to pray, and that was well. God brings us into straits, that he may bring us to our knees. Others cried out against Moses; fear set them murmuring as if God were not still able to work miracles. They quarrel with Moses for bringing them out of Egypt; and so were angry with God for the greatest kindness ever done them; thus gross are the absurdities of unbelief. Moses says, Fear ye not. It is always our duty and interest, when we cannot get out of troubles, yet to get above our fears; let them quicken our prayers and endeavours, but not silence our faith and hope. "Stand still," think not to save yourselves either by fighting or flying; wait God's orders, and observe them. Compose yourselves, by confidence in God, into peaceful thoughts of the great salvation God is about to work for you. If God brings his people into straits, he will find a way to bring them out.

Verses 15-20 Moses' silent prayers of faith prevailed more with God than Israel's loud outcries of fear. The pillar of cloud and fire came behind them, where they needed a guard, and it was a wall between them and their enemies. The word and providence of God have a black and dark side toward sin and sinners, but a bright and pleasant side toward the people of the Lord. He, who divided between light and darkness, ( Genesis 1:4 ) , allotted darkness to the Egyptians, and light to the Israelites. Such a difference there will be between the inheritance of the saints in light, and that utter darkness which will be the portion of hypocrites for ever.

Verses 21-31 The dividing the Red sea was the terror of the Canaanites, ( Joshua 2:9 ) ; the praise and triumph of the Israelites, ( Psalm 114:3 , Psalm 106:9 , Psalm 136:13 ) . It was a type of baptism, #1Co. 10:1, #1Co. 10:2 . Israel's passage through it was typical of the conversion of souls, ( Isaiah 11:15 ) ; and the Egyptians being drowned in it was typical of the final ruin of all unrepenting sinners. God showed his almighty power, by opening a passage through the waters, some miles over. God can bring his people through the greatest difficulties, and force a way where he does not find it. It was an instance of his wonderful favour to his Israel. They went through the sea, they walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea. This was done, in order to encourage God's people in all ages to trust him in the greatest straits. What cannot he do who did this? What will not he do for those that fear and love him, who did this for these murmuring, unbelieving Israelites? Then followed the just and righteous wrath of God upon his and his people's enemies. The ruin of sinners is brought on by their own rage and presumption. They might have let Israel alone, and would not; now they would flee from the face of Israel, and cannot. Men will not be convinced, till it is too late, that those who meddle with God's people, meddle to their own hurt. Moses was ordered to stretch out his hand over the sea; the waters returned, and overwhelmed all the host of the Egyptians. Pharaoh and his servants, who had hardened one another in sin, now fell together, not one escaped. The Israelites saw the Egyptians dead upon the sands. The sight very much affected them. While men see God's works, and feel the benefit, they fear him and trust in him. How well were it for us, if we were always in as good a frame as sometimes! Behold the end to which a Christian may look forward. His enemies rage, and are mighty; but while he holds fast by God, he shall pass the waves in safety guarded by that very power of his Saviour, which shall come down on every spiritual foe. The enemies of his soul whom he hath seen to-day, he shall see no more for ever.

Footnotes

• [a]. "jinetes" . Alt. "aurigas" ; también en vv. 17,23,26 y 28.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 14

This chapter begins with directions of God to Moses, to be given to the children of Israel about the course they were to steer in their journey, with the reason thereof, Ex 14:1-4, which they observing, a report was brought to Pharaoh that they were fled, and this determined him and his servants to get ready and pursue after them, as they did with a great army, Ex 14:5-9, which when the Israelites saw, it put them in great fear, and set them to murmuring and complaining against Moses for bringing them out of Egypt, Ex 14:10,11,12, who desired them to be still and quiet, and they should see the salvation of the Lord, Ex 14:13,14, and he is bid to order the people to go on in their journey, and to take his rod and stretch it over the sea and divide it, that Israel might pass through it on dry ground, and the Egyptians follow them, whereby God would be honoured and glorified, Ex 14:15-18, upon which the Angel of the Lord in a pillar of cloud removed from before there, and went behind them for their protection, Ex 14:19,20, and Moses stretching out his hand over the sea, and a strong east wind blowing upon it, the waters divided and the Israelites went into it, and the Egyptians followed them, but their host being troubled by the Lord, and their chariot wheels taken off, they found themselves in great danger, and were thrown into a panic, Ex 14:20-25 and upon Moses's stretching out his hand again over the sea, the waters returned, and Pharaoh and his host were drowned, but the Israelites passed through safely, as on dry land, Ex 14:26-29, which great work of the Lord being observed by them, influenced their fear of him, their faith in him and his servant Moses, Ex 14:30,31.