Genesis 49:16-28

16 1"Dan shall 2judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan 3shall be a serpent in the way, a viper by the path, that bites the horse's heels so that his rider falls backward.
18 I 4wait for your salvation, O LORD.
19 5"Raiders shall raid 6Gad,[a] but he shall raid at their heels.
20 7"Asher's food shall be rich, and he shall yield royal delicacies.
21 8"Naphtali is a doe let loose that bears beautiful fawns.[b]
22 "Joseph is 9a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a spring; his branches run over the wall.[c]
23 The archers 10bitterly attacked him, shot at him, and harassed him severely,
24 yet 11his bow remained unmoved; his arms[d] were made agile by the hands of the 12Mighty One of Jacob (from there is 13the Shepherd,[e]14the Stone of Israel),
25 15by the God of your father who will help you, by 16the Almighty[f]17who will bless you with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that crouches beneath, blessings of the breasts and of the womb.
26 The blessings of your father are mighty beyond the blessings of my parents, up to the bounties 18of the everlasting hills.[g] May they be 19on the head of Joseph, and on the brow of him who was set apart from his brothers.
27 20"Benjamin is a ravenous wolf, in the morning devouring the prey and at evening 21dividing the spoil."

Jacob's Death and Burial

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel. This is what their father said to them as he blessed them, blessing each with the blessing suitable to him.

Genesis 49:16-28 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 49

This chapter contains a prophecy of future things, relating to the twelve sons of Jacob, and to the twelve tribes, as descending from them, and which he delivered to his sons on his death bed, having called them together for that purpose, Ge 49:1,2, he begins with Reuben his firstborn, whose incest he takes notice of, on which account he should not excel, Ge 49:3,4, next Simeon and Levi have a curse denounced on them for their cruelty at Shechem, Ge 49:5,6, but Judah is praised, and good things prophesied of him; and particularly that Shiloh, or the Messiah, should spring from him, the time of whose coming is pointed at, Ge 49:7-12, the predictions concerning Zebulun, Issachar, and Dan, follow, at the close of which Jacob expresses his longing expectation of God's salvation, Ge 49:13-18 and after foretelling what should befall Gad, Asher, and Naphtali, Ge 49:19-21, a large account is given of Joseph, his troubles, his trials, and his blessings, Ge 49:22-26, and Benjamin the youngest son is taken notice of last of all, all the tribes being blessed in their order according to the nature of their blessing, Ge 49:27,28, and the chapter is closed with a charge of Jacob's to his sons to bury him in Canaan, which having delivered, he died, Ge 49:29-33.

Cross References 21

  • 1. [Deuteronomy 33:22]
  • 2. Genesis 30:6
  • 3. Judges 18:27
  • 4. Psalms 25:5; Psalms 119:166, 174; Isaiah 25:9; Micah 7:7; [Luke 2:25]
  • 5. [Deuteronomy 33:20]
  • 6. See 1 Chronicles 5:18-22
  • 7. [Deuteronomy 33:24]
  • 8. [Deuteronomy 33:23]
  • 9. Genesis 41:52; Joshua 17:14, 18
  • 10. [Genesis 37:24, 28; Genesis 39:20]
  • 11. Job 29:20
  • 12. Psalms 132:2, 5; Isaiah 1:24
  • 13. Psalms 23:1; Psalms 80:1
  • 14. Isaiah 28:16; Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:4; [Deuteronomy 32:4]
  • 15. Genesis 35:3; Genesis 50:17
  • 16. Genesis 17:1; Genesis 35:11
  • 17. Deuteronomy 33:13
  • 18. Deuteronomy 33:15; Habakkuk 3:6
  • 19. Deuteronomy 33:16
  • 20. [Judges 20:21, 25; Ezekiel 22:27]
  • 21. Zechariah 14:1; [Ezekiel 39:10]

Footnotes 7

  • [a]. Gad sounds like the Hebrew for raiders and raid
  • [b]. Or he gives beautiful words, or that bears fawns of the fold
  • [c]. Or Joseph is a wild donkey, a wild donkey beside a spring, his wild colts beside the wall
  • [d]. Hebrew the arms of his hands
  • [e]. Or by the name of the Shepherd
  • [f]. Hebrew Shaddai
  • [g]. A slight emendation yields (compare Septuagint) the blessings of the eternal mountains, the bounties of the everlasting hills
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.