Numeri 21

1 Or il re cananeo di Arad, che abitava il mezzogiorno, avendo udito che Israele veniva per la via di Atharim, combatté contro Israele, e fece alcuni prigionieri.

2 Allora Israele fece un voto all’Eterno, e disse: "Se tu dài nelle mie mani questo popolo, le loro città saranno da me votate allo sterminio".

3 L’Eterno porse ascolto alla voce d’Israele e gli diede nelle mani i Cananei; e Israele votò allo sterminio i Cananei e le loro città, e a quel luogo fu posto nome Horma.

4 Poi gl’Israeliti si partirono dal monte Hor, movendo verso il mar Rosso per fare il giro del paese di Edom; e il popolo si fe’ impaziente nel viaggio.

5 E il popolo parlò contro Dio e contro Mosè, dicendo: "Perché ci avete fatti salire fuori d’Egitto per farci morire in questo deserto? Poiché qui non c’è né pane né acqua, e l’anima nostra è nauseata di questo cibo tanto leggero".

6 Allora l’Eterno mandò fra il popolo de’ serpenti ardenti i quali mordevano la gente, e gran numero d’Israeliti morirono.

7 Allora il popolo venne a Mosè e disse: "Abbiamo peccato, perché abbiam parlato contro l’Eterno e contro te; prega l’Eterno che allontani da noi questi serpenti". E Mosè pregò per il popolo.

8 E l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Fatti un serpente ardente, e mettilo sopra un’antenna; e avverrà che chiunque sarà morso e lo guarderà, scamperà".

9 Mosè allora fece un serpente di rame e lo mise sopra un’antenna; e avveniva che, quando un serpente avea morso qualcuno, se questi guardava il serpente di rame, scampava.

10 Poi i figliuoli d’Israele partirono e si accamparono a Oboth;

11 e partitisi da Oboth, si accamparono a Ije-Abarim nel deserto ch’è dirimpetto a Moab dal lato dove sorge il sole.

12 Di là si partirono e si accamparono nella valle di Zered.

13 Poi si partirono di là e si accamparono dall’altro lato dell’Arnon, che scorre nel deserto e nasce sui confini degli Amorei: poiché l’Arnon e il confine di Moab, fra Moab e gli Amorei.

14 Per questo è detto nel Libro delle Guerre dell’Eterno: "…Vaheb in Sufa, e le valli dell’Arnon

15 e i declivi delle valli che si estendono verso le dimore di Ar, e s’appoggiano alla frontiera di Moab".

16 E di là andarono a Beer, che è il pozzo a proposito del quale l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Raduna il popolo e io gli darò dell’acqua".

17 Fu in quell’occasione che Israele cantò questo cantico: "Scaturisci, o pozzo! Salutatelo con canti!

18 Pozzo che i principi hanno scavato, che i nobili del popolo hanno aperto con lo scettro, coi loro bastoni!"

19 Poi dal deserto andarono a Matthana; da Matthana a Nahaliel; da Nahaliel a Bamoth,

20 e da Bamoth nella valle che è nella campagna di Moab, verso l’altura del Pisga che domina il deserto.

21 Or Israele mandò ambasciatori a Sihon, re degli Amorei, per dirgli:

22 "Lasciami passare per il tuo paese; noi non ci svieremo per i campi né per le vigne, non berremo l’acqua dei pozzi; seguiremo la strada pubblica finché abbiamo oltrepassato i tuoi confini".

23 Ma Sihon non permise a Israele di passare per i suoi confini; anzi radunò tutta la sua gente e uscì fuori contro Israele nel deserto; giunse a Jahats, e diè battaglia a Israele.

24 Israele lo sconfisse passandolo a fil di spada, e conquistò il suo paese dall’Arnon fino al Jabbok, sino ai confini de’ figliuoli di Ammon, poiché la frontiera dei figliuoli di Ammon era forte.

25 E Israele prese tutte quelle città, e abitò in tutte le città degli Amorei: in Heshbon e in tutte le città del suo territorio;

26 poiché Heshbon era la città di Sihon, re degli Amorei, il quale avea mosso guerra al precedente re di Moab, e gli avea tolto tutto il suo paese fino all’Arnon.

27 Per questo dicono i poeti: "Venite a Heshbon! La città di Sihon sia ricostruita e fortificata!

28 Poiché un fuoco è uscito da Heshbon una fiamma dalla città di Sihon; essa ha divorato Ar di Moab,

29 i padroni delle alture dell’Arnon. Guai e te, o Moab! Sei perduto, o popolo di Kemosh! Kemosh ha fatto de’ suoi figliuoli tanti fuggiaschi, e ha dato le sue figliuole come schiave a Sihon, re degli Amorei.

30 Noi abbiamo scagliato su loro le nostre frecce; Heshbon è distrutta fino a Dibon. Abbiam tutto devastato fino a Nofah, il fuoco e giunto fino a Medeba".

31 Così Israele si stabilì nel paese degli Amorei.

32 Poi Mosè mandò a esplorare Jaezer, e gl’Israeliti presero le città del suo territorio e ne cacciarono gli Amorei che vi si trovavano.

33 E, mutata direzione, risalirono il paese in direzione di Bashan; e Og, re di Bashan, uscì contro loro con tutta la sua gente per dar loro battaglia a Edrei.

34 Ma l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Non lo temere; poiché io lo do nelle tue mani: lui, tutta la sua gente e il suo paese; trattalo com’hai trattato Sihon, re degli Amorei che abitava a Heshbon".

35 E gli Israeliti batteron lui, coi suoi figliuoli e con tutto il suo popolo, in guisa che non gli rimase più anima viva; e s’impadronirono del suo paese.

Numeri 21 Commentary

Chapter 21

The Canaanites of Arad destroyed. (1-3) The people murmuring, are plagued with fiery serpents, They repenting, are healed through the brazen serpent. (4-9) Further journeys of the Israelites. (10-20) Sihon and Og overcome, Their land possessed. (21-35)

Verses 1-3 Before the people began their march round the country of Edom, the king of Arad, a Canaanite, who inhabited the southern part of the country, attacked them in the wilderness, and took some prisoners. This was to lead the Israelites to look more thoroughly to the Lord.

Verses 4-9 The children of Israel were wearied by a long march round the land of Edom. They speak discontentedly of what God had done for them, and distrustfully of what he would do. What will they be pleased with, whom manna will not please? Let not the contempt which some cast on the word of God, make us value it less. It is the bread of life, substantial bread, and will nourish those who by faith feed upon it, to eternal life, whoever may call it light bread. We see the righteous judgment God brought upon them for murmuring. He sent fiery serpents among them, which bit or stung many to death. It is to be feared that they would not have owned the sin, if they had not felt the smart; but they relent under the rod. And God made a wonderful provision for their relief. The Jews themselves say it was not the sight of the brazen serpent that cured; but in looking up to it, they looked up to God as the Lord that healed them. There was much gospel in this. Our Saviour declared, ( john 3:14 john 3:15 ) , that as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so the Son of man must be lifted up, that whatsoever believeth in him, should not perish. Compare their disease and ours. Sin bites like a serpent, and stings like an adder. Compare the application of their remedy and ours. They looked and lived, and we, if we believe, shall not perish. It is by faith that we look unto Jesus, ( Hebrews 12:2 ) . Whosoever looked, however desperate his case, or feeble his sight, or distant his place, was certainly and perfectly cured. The Lord can relieve us from dangers and distresses, by means which human reason never would have devised. Oh that the venom of the old serpent, inflaming men's passions, and causing them to commit sins which end in their eternal destruction, were as sensibly felt, and the danger as plainly seen, as the Israelites felt pain from the bite of the fiery serpents, and feared the death which followed! Then none would shut their eyes to Christ, or turn from his gospel. Then a crucified Saviour would be so valued, that all things else would be accounted loss for him; then, without delay, and with earnestness and simplicity, all would apply to him in the appointed way, crying, Lord, save us; we perish! Nor would any abuse the freeness of Christ's salvation, while they reckoned the price which it cost him.

Verses 10-20 We have here the removes of the children of Israel, till they came to the plains of Moab, from whence they passed over Jordan into Canaan. The end of their pilgrimage was near. "They set forward." It were well if we did thus; and the nearer we come to heaven, were so much the more active and abundant in the work of the Lord. The wonderful success God granted to his people, is here spoken of, and, among the rest, their actions on the river Arnon, at Vaheb in Suphah, and other places on that river. In every stage of our lives, nay, in every step, we should notice what God has wrought for us; what he did at such a time, and what in such a place, ought to be distinctly remembered. God blessed his people with a supply of water. When we come to heaven, we shall remove to the well of life, the fountain of living waters. They received it with joy and thankfulness, which made the mercy doubly sweet. With joy must we draw water out of the wells of salvation, ( Isaiah 12:3 ) . As the brazen serpent was a figure of Christ, who is lifted up for our cure, so is this well a figure of the Spirit, who is poured forth for our comfort, and from whom flow to us rivers of living waters, ( john 7:38 john 7:39 ) . Does this well spring up in our souls? If so, we should take the comfort to ourselves, and give the glory to God. God promised to give water, but they must open the ground. God's favours must be expected in the use of such means as are within our power, but still the power is only of God.

Verses 21-35 Sihon went with his forces against Israel, out of his own borders, without provocation, and so ran upon his own ruin. The enemies of God's church often perish by the counsels they think most wisely taken. Og, king of Bashan, instead of being warned by the fate of his neighbours, to make peace with Israel, makes war with them, which proves in like manner his destruction. Wicked men do their utmost to secure themselves and their possessions against the judgments of God; but all in vain, when the day comes on which they must fall. God gave Israel success, while Moses was with them, that he might see the beginning of the glorious work, though he must not live to see it finished. This was, in comparison, but as the day of small things, yet it was an earnest of great things. We must prepare for fresh conflicts and enemies. We must make no peace or truce with the powers of darkness, nor even treat with them; nor should we expect any pause in our contest. But, trusting in God, and obeying his commands, we shall be more than conquerors over every enemy.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 21

This chapter gives an account of the defeat of King Arad, the Canaanite, Nu 21:1-3 of the murmurings of the children of Israel, because of difficulties in travelling round, the land of Edom, for which they were punished with fiery serpents, Nu 21:4-6 and how that upon their repentance a brazen serpent was ordered to be made, and to be erected on a pole, that whoever looked to it might live, Nu 21:7-9 and of the several journeys and stations of the children of Israel, until they came to the land of the Amorites, Nu 21:10-20, when they sent a message to Sihon their king, to desire him to grant them a passage through his country; but he refusing, they fought with him, smote him, and possessed his land, concerning which many proverbial sayings were used, Nu 21:21-32 and the chapter is concluded with the defeat of Og, king of Bashan, Nu 21:33-35.