Ruth 4:7

7 Nu was dit van ouds een gewoonheid in Israel, bij de lossing en bij de verwisseling, om de ganse zaak te bevestigen, zo trok de man zijn schoen uit en gaf die aan zijn naaste; en dit was tot een getuigenis in Israel.

Ruth 4:7 Meaning and Commentary

Ruth 4:7

Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning
redeeming
It is a custom, and not a law, that seems here referred to, when an estate was bought and sold; not the law in ( Leviticus 25:25 ) , though that respects the redemption of an estate by a near kinsman, yet no such manner was enjoined as here practised afterwards, made mention of; nor the law in ( Deuteronomy 25:5 ) which does not concern the redemption of estates, nor a kinsman's marrying the widow of a deceased kinsman, but a brother's marrying the widow of a deceased brother, and the rites and ceremonies there enjoined upon refusal are different from those here used; though Josephus ^F9 is express for it, that the law is here referred to; but this is not only concerning purchase of estates, but "concerning changing" also one field for another as Aben Ezra interprets it: "for to confirm all things"; the following custom was observed for the confirmation of any bargain whatever, whether by sale or barter, and where there was no marriage in the case:

a man plucked off his shoe and gave it to his neighbour;
signifying thereby, that he yielded his right to him in the thing sold or bartered; the Targum says, he plucked off the glove of his right hand, which perhaps was then in use, when the Targumist wrote, and answered the same purpose; and, according to Jarchi, it was a linen cloth, vail, or handkerchief, that was used, and delivered by the one to the other; and of this way of buying writes Elias ^F11; at this day, says he, we purchase by a linen cloth or handkerchief called "sudar", which is a garment; and this two witnesses take, and explain before them the words of their agreement, and each of the witnesses stretches out the skirt of the garment, and those that take upon them to confirm every matter, touch the skirt of their garments; and this is called purchasing by "sudar", or the linen cloth:

and this was a testimony in Israel;
a witness to, or a confirmation of the bargain made; but who gave the shoe, whether the kinsman or Boaz, is not certain from the text; and about which the Jewish writers are divided, as Jarchi observes.

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FOOTNOTES:

F9 Antiqu. l. 5. c. 9. sect. 4.
F11 Tishbi, p. 207. See Leo Modena's History of the Rites of the present Jews, part 2. c. 6.

Ruth 4:7 In-Context

5 Maar Boaz zeide: Ten dage, als gij het land aanvaardt van de hand van Naomi, zo zult gij het ook aanvaarden van Ruth, de Moabietische, de huisvrouw des verstorvenen, om den naam des verstorvenen te verwekken over zijn erfdeel.

6 Toen zeide die losser: Ik zal het voor mij niet kunnen lossen, opdat ik mijn erfdeel niet misschien verderve; los gij mijn lossing voor u; want ik zal niet kunnen lossen.

7 Nu was dit van ouds een gewoonheid in Israel, bij de lossing en bij de verwisseling, om de ganse zaak te bevestigen, zo trok de man zijn schoen uit en gaf die aan zijn naaste; en dit was tot een getuigenis in Israel.

8 Zo zeide de losser tot Boaz: Aanvaard gij het voor u; en hij trok zijn schoen uit.

9 Toen zeide Boaz tot de oudsten en al het volk: Gijlieden zijt heden getuigen, dat ik aanvaard heb alles, wat van Elimelech geweest is, en alles, wat van Chiljon en Machlon geweest is, van de hand van Naomi.