Exodus 22:16-31

Laws About Social Justice

16 1"If a man seduces a virgin[a] who is not betrothed and lies with her, he shall give the bride-price[b] for her and make her his wife.
17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, 2he shall pay money equal to the 3bride-price for virgins.
18 4"You shall not permit a sorceress to live.
19 5"Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death.
20 6"Whoever sacrifices to any god, other than the LORD alone, shall be devoted to destruction.[c]
21 7"You shall not wrong a sojourner or oppress him, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
22 8You shall not mistreat any widow or fatherless child.
23 If you do mistreat them, and they 9cry out to me, I will surely 10hear their cry,
24 and my wrath will burn, and I will kill you with the sword, and 11your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.
25 12"If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be like a moneylender to him, and you shall not exact interest from him.
26 13If ever you take your neighbor's cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down,
27 for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak for his body; in what else shall he sleep? And if he 14cries to me, I will hear, for I am 15compassionate.
28 16"You shall not revile God, nor 17curse a ruler of your people.
29 "You shall not delay to offer from the fullness of your harvest and from the outflow of your presses. 18The firstborn of your sons you shall give to me.
30 19You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep: 20seven days it shall be with its mother; on the eighth day you shall give it to me.
31 21"You shall be consecrated to me. Therefore 22you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by beasts in the field; 23you shall throw it to the dogs.

Exodus 22:16-31 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 22

This chapter contains various laws concerning theft, Ex 22:1-4, concerning damage done to fields and vineyards by beasts, and to corn in stacks or standing, by fire, Ex 22:5,6, concerning anything or creature deposited in the hands of a neighbour, and they be stolen or lost by one means or another, Ex 22:7-13, concerning anything borrowed, and it comes to any damage, Ex 22:14,15, concerning fornication, Ex 22:16,17 concerning witchcraft, bestiality, and idolatry, Ex 22:18-20 concerning oppression, and affliction of the stranger, fatherless, and widow, Ex 22:21-24 concerning taking usury and pledges, Ex 22:25-27, concerning irreverence to magistrates, Ex 22:28, concerning the offering of firstfruits to God, Ex 22:29,30 and the chapter is concluded with a prohibition of eating anything torn by beasts, Ex 22:31.

Cross References 23

  • 1. Deuteronomy 22:28, 29
  • 2. [See ver. 16 above]
  • 3. Genesis 34:12; 1 Samuel 18:25
  • 4. Leviticus 19:26, 31; Leviticus 20:27; Deuteronomy 18:10, 11; 1 Samuel 28:3, 9
  • 5. Leviticus 18:23; Leviticus 20:15; Deuteronomy 27:21
  • 6. [Num. 25:2, 7, 8; Joshua 23:16]; See Deuteronomy 13:1-15; Deuteronomy 17:2-5
  • 7. Exodus 23:9; Leviticus 19:33; Deuteronomy 10:18, 19; Jeremiah 7:6; Zechariah 7:10; Malachi 3:5
  • 8. Deuteronomy 24:17; Deuteronomy 27:19; Psalms 94:6; Isaiah 1:17, 23; Isaiah 10:2; Ezekiel 22:7; Zechariah 7:10; James 1:27
  • 9. Job 34:28; Luke 18:7
  • 10. Psalms 18:6; Psalms 145:19; [James 5:4]
  • 11. Psalms 109:9; Lamentations 5:3
  • 12. Leviticus 25:35-37; Deuteronomy 23:19, 20; Nehemiah 5:7; Psalms 15:5; Proverbs 28:8; Ezek. 18:8, 13, 17; Ezekiel 22:12
  • 13. Deuteronomy 24:13, 17; Proverbs 20:16; Ezekiel 18:7, 16; Amos 2:8; [Proverbs 22:27]
  • 14. [See ver. 23 above]
  • 15. Exodus 34:6; 2 Chronicles 30:9; Nehemiah 9:17
  • 16. Cited Acts 23:5; [2 Samuel 19:21; Ecclesiastes 10:20; Jude 8]
  • 17. Cited Acts 23:5; [2 Samuel 19:21; Ecclesiastes 10:20; Jude 8]
  • 18. See Exodus 13:2
  • 19. Deuteronomy 15:19
  • 20. Leviticus 22:27
  • 21. Exodus 19:6; Leviticus 11:44, 45
  • 22. Leviticus 22:8; Ezekiel 4:14; Ezekiel 44:31
  • 23. [Matthew 7:6]

Footnotes 3

  • [a]. Or a girl of marriageable age; also verse 17
  • [b]. Or engagement present; also verse 17
  • [c]. That is, set apart (devoted) as an offering to the Lord (for destruction)
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers.