Deuteronômio 1

1 Estas são as palavras que Moisés falou a todo Israel além do Jordão, no deserto, na Arabá defronte de Sufe, entre Parã, Tofel, Labã, Hazerote e Di-Zaabe.

2 São onze dias de viagem desde Horebe, pelo caminho da montanha de Seir, até Cades-Barnéia.

3 No ano quadragésimo, no mês undécimo, no primeiro dia do mês, Moisés falou aos filhos de Israel, conforme tudo o que o senhor lhes mandara por seu intermédio,

4 depois que derrotou a Siom, rei dos amorreus, que habitava em Hesbom, e a Ogue, rei de Basã, que habitava em Astarote, em Edrei.

5 Além do Jordão, na terra de Moabe, Moisés se pôs a explicar esta lei, e disse:

6 O Senhor nosso Deus nos falou em Horebe, dizendo: Assaz vos haveis demorado neste monte.

7 Voltai-vos, ponde-vos a caminho, e ide � região montanhosa dos amorreus, e a todos os lugares vizinhos, na Arabá, na região montanhosa, no vale e no sul; � beira do mar, � terra dos cananeus, e ao Líbano, até o grande rio, o rio Eufrates.

8 Eis que tenho posto esta terra diante de vós; entrai e possuí a terra que o Senhor prometeu com juramento dar a vossos pais, Abraão, Isaque, e Jacó, a eles e � sua descendência depois deles.

9 Nesse mesmo tempo eu vos disse: Eu sozinho não posso levar-vos,

10 o Senhor vosso Deus já vos tem multiplicado, e eis que hoje sois tão numerosos como as estrelas do céu.

11 O Senhor Deus de vossos pais vos faça mil vezes mais numerosos do que sois; e vos abençoe, como vos prometeu.

12 Como posso eu sozinho suportar o vosso peso, as vossas cargas e as vossas contendas?

13 Tomai-vos homens sábios, entendidos e experimentados, segundo as vossas tribos, e eu os porei como cabeças sobre vós.

14 Então me respondestes: bom fazermos o que disseste.

15 Tomei, pois, os cabeças de vossas tribos, homens sábios e experimentados, e os constituí por cabeças sobre vós, chefes de mil, chefes de cem, chefes de cinqüenta e chefes de dez, por oficiais, segundo as vossas tribos.

16 E no mesmo tempo ordenei a vossos juízes, dizendo: Ouvi as causas entre vossos irmãos, e julgai com justiça entre o homem e seu irmão, ou o estrangeiro que está com ele.

17 Não fareis acepção de pessoas em juízo; de um mesmo modo ouvireis o pequeno e o grande; não temereis a face de ninguém, porque o juízo é de Deus; e a causa que vos for difícil demais, a trareis a mim, e eu a ouvirei.

18 Assim naquele tempo vos ordenei todas as coisas que devíeis fazer.

19 Então partimos de Horebe, e caminhamos por todo aquele grande e terrível deserto que vistes, pelo caminho das montanhas dos amorreus, como o Senhor nosso Deus nos ordenara; e chegamos a Cades-Barnéia.

20 Então eu vos disse: Chegados sois �s montanhas dos amorreus, que o Senhor nosso Deus nos dá.

21 Eis aqui o Senhor teu Deus tem posto esta terra diante de ti; sobe, apodera-te dela, como te falou o Senhor Deus de teus pais; não temas, e não te assustes.

22 Então todos vós vos chegastes a mim, e dissestes: Mandemos homens adiante de nós, para que nos espiem a terra e, de volta, nos ensinem o caminho pelo qual devemos subir, e as cidades a que devemos ir.

23 Isto me pareceu bem; de modo que dentre vós tomei doze homens, de cada tribo um homem;

24 foram-se eles e, subindo as montanhas, chegaram até o vale de Escol e espiaram a terra.

25 Tomaram do fruto da terra nas mãos, e no-lo trouxeram; e nos informaram, dizendo: Boa é a terra que nos dá o Senhor nosso Deus.

26 Todavia, vós não quisestes subir, mas fostes rebeldes ao mandado do Senhor nosso Deus;

27 e murmurastes nas vossas tendas, e dissestes: Porquanto o Senhor nos odeia, tirou-nos da terra do Egito para nos entregar nas mãos dos amorreus, a fim de nos destruir.

28 Para onde estamos nós subindo? nossos irmãos fizeram com que se derretesse o nosso coração, dizendo: Maior e mais alto é o povo do que nós; as cidades são grandes e fortificadas até o céu; e também vimos ali os filhos dos anaquins.

29 Então eu vos disse: Não vos atemorizeis, e não tenhais medo deles.

30 O Senhor vosso Deus, que vai adiante de vós, ele pelejará por vós, conforme tudo o que tem feito por vós diante dos vossos olhos, no Egito,

31 como também no deserto, onde vistes como o Senhor vosso Deus vos levou, como um homem leva seu filho, por todo o caminho que andastes, até chegardes a este lugar.

32 Mas nem ainda assim confiastes no Senhor vosso Deus,

33 que ia adiante de vós no caminho, de noite no fogo e de dia na nuvem, para vos achar o lugar onde devíeis acampar, e para vos mostrar o caminho por onde havíeis de andar.

34 Ouvindo, pois, o Senhor a voz das vossas palavras, indignou-se e jurou, dizendo:

35 Nenhum dos homens desta geração perversa verá a boa terra que prometi com juramento dar a vossos pais,

36 salvo Calebe, filho de Jefoné; ele a verá, e a terra que pisou darei a ele e a seus filhos, porquanto perseverou em seguir ao Senhor.

37 Também contra mim o Senhor se indignou por vossa causa, dizendo: Igualmente tu lá não entrarás.

38 Josué, filho de Num, que te serve, ele ali entrará; anima-o, porque ele fará que Israel a receba por herança.

39 E vossos pequeninos, dos quais dissestes que seriam por presa, e vossos filhos que hoje não conhecem nem o bem nem o mal, esses lá entrarão, a eles a darei e eles a possuirão.

40 Quanto a vós, porém, virai-vos, e parti para o deserto, pelo caminho do Mar Vermelho.

41 Então respondestes, e me dissestes: Pecamos contra o Senhor; nós subiremos e pelejaremos, conforme tudo o que nos ordenou o Senhor nosso Deus. Vós, pois, vos armastes, cada um, dos vossos instrumentos de guerra, e temerariamente propusestes subir a montanha.

42 E disse-me o Senhor: Dize-lhes: Não subais nem pelejeis, pois não estou no meio de vós; para que não sejais feridos diante de vossos inimigos.

43 Assim vos falei, mas não ouvistes; antes fostes rebeldes � ordem do Senhor e, agindo presunçosamente, subistes � montanha.

44 E os amorreus, que habitavam naquela montanha, vos saíram ao encontro e, perseguindo-vos como fazem as abelhas, vos destroçaram desde Seir até Horma.

45 Voltastes, pois, e chorastes perante o Senhor; mas o Senhor não ouviu a vossa voz, nem para vós inclinou os ouvidos.

46 Assim foi grande a vossa demora em Cades, pois ali vos demorastes muitos dias.

Deuteronômio 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This book repeats much of the history and of the laws contained in the three foregoing books: Moses delivered it to Israel a little before his death, both by word of mouth, that it might affect, and by writing, that it might abide. The men of that generation to which the law was first given were all dead, and a new generation was sprung up, to whom God would have it repeated by Moses himself, now they were going to possess the land of Canaan. The wonderful love of God to his church is set forth in this book; how he ever preserved his church for his own mercies sake, and would still have his name called upon among them. Such are the general outlines of this book, the whole of which shows Moses' love for Israel, and marks him an eminent type of the Lord Jesus Christ. Let us apply the exhortations and persuasions to our own consciences, to excite our minds to a believing, grateful obedience to the commands of God.

The words Moses spake to Israel in the plains of Moab, The promise of Canaan. (1-8) Judges provided for the people. (9-18) Of the sending the spies-God's anger for their unbelief and disobedience. (19-46)

Verses 1-8 Moses spake to the people all the Lord had given him in commandment. Horeb was but eleven days distant from Kadesh-barnea. This was to remind them that their own bad conduct had occasioned their tedious wanderings; that they might the more readily understand the advantages of obedience. They must now go forward. Though God brings his people into trouble and affliction, he knows when they have been tried long enough. When God commands us to go forward in our Christian course, he sets the heavenly Canaan before us for our encouragement.

Verses 9-18 Moses reminds the people of the happy constitution of their government, which might make them all safe and easy, if it was not their own fault. He owns the fulfilment of God's promise to Abraham, and prays for the further accomplishment of it. We are not straitened in the power and goodness of God; why should we be straitened in our own faith and hope? Good laws were given to the Israelites, and good men were to see to the execution of them, which showed God's goodness to them, and the care of Moses.

Verses 19-46 Moses reminds the Israelites of their march from Horeb to Kadesh-barnea, through that great and terrible wilderness. He shows how near they were to a happy settlement in Canaan. It will aggravate the eternal ruin of hypocrites, that they were not far from the kingdom of God. As if it were not enough that they were sure of their God before them, they would send men before them. Never any looked into the Holy Land, but they must own it to be a good land. And was there any cause to distrust this God? An unbelieving heart was at the bottom of all this. All disobedience to God's laws, and distrust of his power and goodness, flow from disbelief of his word, as all true obedience springs from faith. It is profitable for us to divide our past lives into distinct periods; to give thanks to God for the mercies we have received in each, to confess and seek the forgiveness of all the sins we can remember; and thus to renew our acceptance of God's salvation, and our surrender of ourselves to his service. Our own plans seldom avail to good purpose; while courage in the exercise of faith, and in the path of duty, enables the believer to follow the Lord fully, to disregard all that opposes, to triumph over all opposition, and to take firm hold upon the promised blessings.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY

This book is sometimes called "Elleh hadebarim", from the words with which it begins; and sometimes by the Jews "Mishneh Torah", the repetition of the law; and so in the Syriac version, with which agrees the Arabic title of it; and when the Greeks, and we after them, call it "Deuteronomy", it is not to be understood of a second, a new, or another law, but of the law formerly delivered, but now repeated, and also more largely explained; to which are likewise added several particular laws, instructions, and directions; all which were necessary, on account of the people of Israel, who were now a new generation, that either were not born, or not at an age to hear and understand the law when given on Mount Sinai; the men that heard it there being all dead, excepting a very few; and these people were also now about to enter into the land of Canaan, which they were to enjoy as long as they kept the law of God, and no longer, and therefore it was proper they should be reminded of it; and besides, Moses was now about to leave them, and having an hearty desire after their welfare, spends the little time he had to be with them, by inculcating into them and impressing on them the laws of God, and in opening and explaining them to them, and enforcing them on them, which were to be the rule of their obedience, and on which their civil happiness depended. And sometimes the Jews call this book "the book of reproofs", because there are in it several sharp reproofs of the people of Israel for their rebellion and disobedience; and so the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem begin it by calling it the words of reproof which Moses spake That this book was written by Moses there can be no doubt, from De 1:1, 31:4,9,24, only the eight last verses, which give an account of his death, and of his character, were wrote by another hand, equally inspired by God, as either Eleazar the priest, as some, or Samuel the prophet, as others; or, as it is the more commonly received opinion of the Jews, Ezra; though it is highly probable they were wrote by Joshua his successor. This book was written and delivered by Moses, at certain times in the last month of his life, and towards the close of the fortieth year of the children of Israel's coming out of Egypt. And that it is of divine authority need not be questioned, when the several quotations out of it are observed, as made by the apostles of Christ, in Ac 3:22, Ro 12:19 Heb 10:30, Ga 3:10 out of \De 18:15 32:35,36 27:26\ and by our Lord himself, Mt 18:16 from De 19:15. Yea, it is remarkable, that all the passages of Scripture produced by Christ, to repel the temptations of Satan, are all taken out of this book, Mt 4:7,10 compared with De 8:3, 6:10,13, and the voice from heaven, directing the apostles to hearken to him, refers to a prophecy of him in De 18:15.

\\INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 1\\

The time and place when the subject matter of this book was delivered to the Israelites are observed by way of preface, De 1:1-5, and it begins with reminding them of an order to them to depart from Mount Horeb, and pass on to the land of Canaan, which the Lord had given them, De 1:6-8, and with observing the very great increase of their number, which made it necessary for Moses to appoint persons under him to be rulers over them, whom he instructed in the duty of their office, De 1:9-18, and he goes on to observe, that when they were come to the mountain of the Amorites, they were bid to go up and possess the land; but, instead of that, they desired men might be sent to search the land first, which was granted, De 1:19-23, and though these men upon their return brought of the fruits of the land, and a good report of it, particularly two of them; yet being discouraged by the report of the rest, they murmured, distrusted, and were afraid to enter, though encouraged by Moses, De 1:24-33, which caused the Lord to be angry with them, and upon it threatened them that they should die in the wilderness, and only two of them should ever see and enjoy the land, and therefore were bid to turn and take their journey in the wilderness, De 1:34-40, but being convinced of their evil, they proposed to go up the hill, and enter the land, which they attempted against the commandment of the Lord, but being repulsed by the Amorites, they fled with great loss, to their great grief, and abode in Kadesh many days, De 1:41-46.