Ester 1

1 Zu den Zeiten Ahasveros (der da König war von Indien bis an Mohrenland über hundert und siebenundzwanzig Länder)

2 und da er auf seinem königlichen Stuhl saß zu Schloß Susan,

3 im dritten Jahr seines Königreichs, machte er bei sich ein Mahl allen seinen Fürsten und Knechten, den Gewaltigen in Persien und Medien, den Landpflegern und Obersten in seinen Ländern,

4 daß er sehen ließe den herrlichen Reichtum seines Königreichs und die köstliche Pracht seiner Majestät viele Tage lang, hundert und achtzig Tage.

5 Und da die Tage aus waren, machte der König ein Mahl allem Volk, das zu Schloß Susan war, Großen und Kleinen, sieben Tage lang im Hofe des Gartens am Hause des Königs.

6 Da hingen weiße, rote und blaue Tücher, mit leinenen und scharlachnen Seilen gefaßt, in silbernen Ringen auf Marmorsäulen. Die Bänke waren golden und silbern auf Pflaster von grünem, weißem, gelbem und schwarzen Marmor.

7 Und das Getränk trug man in goldenen Gefäßen und immer andern und andern Gefäßen, und königlichen Wein die Menge, wie denn der König vermochte.

8 Und man setzte niemand, was er trinken sollte; denn der König hatte allen Vorstehern befohlen, daß ein jeglicher sollte tun, wie es ihm wohl gefiel. {~}

9 Und die Königin Vasthi machte auch ein Mahl für die Weiber im königlichen Hause des Königs Ahasveros.

10 Und am siebenten Tage, da der König gutes Muts war vom Wein, hieß er Mehuman, Bistha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Sethar und Charkas, die sieben Kämmerer, die vor dem König Ahasveros dienten,

11 daß sie die Königin Vasthi holten vor den König mit der königlichen Krone, daß er den Völkern und Fürsten zeigte ihre Schöne; denn sie war schön.

12 Aber die Königin Vasthi wollte nicht kommen nach dem Wort des Königs durch seine Kämmerer. Da ward der König sehr zornig, und sein Grimm entbrannte in ihm.

13 Und der König sprach zu den Weisen, die sich auf die Zeiten verstanden (denn des Königs Sachen mußten geschehen vor allen, die sich auf Recht und Händel verstanden; {~}

14 die nächsten aber die bei ihm waren Charsena, Sethar, Admatha, Tharsis, Meres, Marsena und Memuchan, die sieben Fürsten der Perser und Meder, die das Angesicht des Königs sahen und saßen obenan im Königreich),

15 was für ein Recht man an der Königin Vasthi tun sollte, darum daß sie nicht getan hatte nach dem Wort des Königs durch seine Kämmerer.

16 Da sprach Memuchan vor dem König und den Fürsten: Die Königin Vasthi hat nicht allein an dem König übel getan, sondern auch an allen Fürsten und an allen Völkern in allen Landen des Königs Ahasveros.

17 Denn es wird solche Tat der Königin auskommen zu allen Weibern, daß sie ihre Männer verachten vor ihren Augen und werden sagen: Der König Ahasveros hieß die Königin Vasthi vor sich kommen; aber sie wollte nicht.

18 So werden nun die Fürstinnen in Persien und Medien auch so sagen zu allen Fürsten des Königs, wenn sie solche Tat der Königin hören; so wird sich Verachtens und Zorn genug erheben.

19 Gefällt es dem König, so lasse man ein königlich Gebot von ihm ausgehen und schreiben nach der Perser und Meder Gesetz, welches man nicht darf übertreten: daß Vasthi nicht mehr vor den König Ahasveros komme, und der König gebe ihre königliche Würde einer andern, die besser ist denn sie.

20 Und es erschalle dieser Befehl des Königs, den er geben wird, in sein ganzes Reich, welches groß ist, daß alle Weiber ihre Männer in Ehren halten, unter Großen und Kleinen.

21 Das gefiel dem König und den Fürsten; und der König tat nach dem Wort Memuchans.

22 Da wurden Briefe ausgesandt in alle Länder des Königs, in ein jegliches Land nach seiner Schrift und zu jeglichem Volk nach seiner Sprache: daß ein jeglicher Mann der Oberherr in seinem Hause sei und ließe reden nach der Sprache seines Volkes.

Ester 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

We find in this book, that even those Jews who were scattered in the province of the heathen, were taken care of, and were wonderfully preserved, when threatened with destruction. Though the name of God be not in this book, the finger of God is shown by minute events for the bringing about his people's deliverance. This history comes in between (Ezra 6 and Ezra 7 ) .

The royal feast of Ahasuerus. (1-9) Vashti's refusal to appear, The king's decree. (10-22)

Verses 1-9 The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, ( habakkuk 2:15 habakkuk 2:16 ) .

Verses 10-22 Ahasuerus's feast ended in heaviness, by his own folly. Seasons of peculiar festivity often end in vexation. Superiors should be careful not to command what may reasonably be disobeyed. But when wine is in, men's reason departs from them. He that had rule over 127 provinces, had no rule over his own spirit. But whether the passion or the policy of the king was served by this decree, God's providence made way for Esther to the crown, and defeated Haman's wicked project, even before it had entered into his heart, and he arrived at his power. Let us rejoice that the Lord reigns, and will overrule the madness or folly of mankind to promote his own glory, and the safety and happiness of his people.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF ESTHER

This book has its name from the person who is the principal subject of it; it is by Clemens of Alexandria {a} called the Book of Mordecai also; it is commonly called, in the Hebrew copies, "Megillah Esther", the Volume of Esther; and sometimes in the Jewish writings only "Megillah", by way of eminency, "the Volume". It was written, according to the Talmudists {b}, by the men of the great synagogue, composed by Ezra; and some think it was written by Ezra himself {c}; but Aben Ezra is of opinion it was written by Mordecai, since he was concerned in, and had perfect knowledge of, all things related in it; which is rejected by Spinosa {d}, who conceits that this, and the books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, were written by one and the same historian long after the times of Judas Maccabaeus: as to the canonical authority of it, it has been generally received by Jews and Christians; our wise men, says Maimonides {e}, openly and plainly affirm of the book of Esther, that it was dictated by the Holy Spirit; so Aben Ezra on Es 6:6, and he himself {f} affirms, that

``all the books of the prophets, and all the Hagiographa (or holy writings), shall cease in the days of the Messiah, except the volume of Esther; and, lo, that shall be as stable as the Pentateuch, and as the constitutions of the oral law, which shall never cease.''

Though the versions of other books of Scripture might not be read in the synagogues, versions of this book might to those who did not understand Hebrew {g}; and so Luther {h} says, the Jews more esteem the book of Esther than any of the prophets. Whence Mr. Baxter {i} had that notion, I can not devise, that the Jews used to cast to the ground the book of Esther before they read it, because the name of God was not in it: nor is that any objection to its authenticity, since the hand and providence of God may be most clearly seen in it; in raising Esther to such grandeur, and that for the deliverance of the people of the Jews, and in counter working and bringing to nought the plots of their enemies, and in saving them: nor that it is not quoted in the New Testament; it is sufficient there is no disagreement between them, yea, an entire agreement, particularly in the account of the captivity of Jeconiah, which is expressed almost in the same words in Es 2:6 as in Mt 1:11,12. It stands in Origen's catalogue {k} of the books of the Old Testament; nor is it any material objection that it appears not in the catalogue of Melito {l}, since in that list is comprehended under Ezra not Nehemiah only, but Esther also, which Jerom {m} mentions along with it. This book is not only of use to the Jews, as it shows the original and foundation of a feast of theirs, still kept up by them, the feast of Purim, and makes for the glory of their nation, and therefore it is no wonder it should be so highly esteemed by them; but serves to show the singular providence of God in taking care of his people in adversity, in humbling the proud, and exalting the lowly, and saving those that pray to him, and trust in him; it furnishes out various instructions in the conduct of the several persons herein mentioned; it is a history but of ten or eleven years at most, from the third of Ahasuerus, to the twelfth of his reign, Es 1:3, 3:7.

{a} Stromat. l. 1. p. 329. {b} T. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {c} August. de Civ. Dei, l. 18. c. 36. Isidor. Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {d} Tract. Theolog. Politic. c. 10. p. 189 {e} Moreh Nevochim, par. 2. c. 45. {f} Hilchot Megillah, c. 2. sect. 18. {g} Misn. Megillah, c. 2. sect. 1. T. Bab. Megillah, fol. 18. 1. {h} Mensal. Colloqu. c. 31. p. 358. {i} The Saints Everlasting Rest, part 4. c. 3. sect. 1. {k} Apud Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 6. c. 25. {l} Apud ib. l. 4. c. 26. {m} Ad Domnion. & Rogat. tom. 3. fol. 7. F.

\\INTRODUCTION TO ESTHER 1\\

This chapter relates, how that Ahasuerus, a great king of Persia, made a feast, first for the grandees of his kingdom, and then for his people, as his queen did for the women, Es 1:1-9, who being sent for by him, and she refusing to come, was, by the advice of one of his counsellors, divorced from him, and an order made and published throughout his dominions, that every man should bear rule in his own house, Es 1:10-22.