Exode 14

1 Et l'Éternel parla à Moïse, en disant:

2 Parle aux enfants d'Israël; et qu'ils retournent et campent devant Pi-Hahiroth, entre Migdol et la mer, devant Baal-Tsephon; vous camperez vis-à-vis de ce lieu, près de la mer.

3 Et Pharaon dira des enfants d'Israël: Ils sont égarés dans le pays; le désert les a enfermés.

4 Et j'endurcirai le cœur de Pharaon, et il les poursuivra; mais je serai glorifié en Pharaon et dans toute son armée, et les Égyptiens sauront que je suis l'Éternel. Et ils firent ainsi.

5 Or, on rapporta au roi d'Égypte que le peuple s'était enfui. Et le cœur de Pharaon et de ses serviteurs fut changé à l'égard du peuple, et ils dirent: Qu'est-ce que nous avons fait, que nous ayons laissé aller Israël, en sorte qu'il ne nous serve plus?

6 Alors il attela son char et il prit son peuple avec lui.

7 Il prit six cents chars d'élite et tous les chars d'Égypte, et des combattants sur chacun d'eux.

8 Et l'Éternel endurcit le cœur de Pharaon, roi d'Égypte, et il poursuivit les enfants d'Israël. Or les enfants d'Israël étaient sortis à main levée.

9 Les Égyptiens les poursuivirent; et tous les chevaux des chars de Pharaon, ses cavaliers et son armée les atteignirent, comme ils étaient campés près de la mer, près de Pi-Hahiroth, vis-à-vis de Baal-Tsephon.

10 Et comme Pharaon approchait, les enfants d'Israël levèrent les yeux, et voici, les Égyptiens marchaient après eux. Alors les enfants d'Israël eurent une fort grande peur, et crièrent à l'Éternel.

11 Et ils dirent à Moïse: Est-ce qu'il n'y avait pas de tombeaux en Égypte, que tu nous aies emmenés pour mourir au désert? Qu'est-ce que tu nous a fait, de nous faire sortir d'Égypte?

12 N'est-ce pas ce que nous te disions en Égypte: Laisse-nous servir les Égyptiens; car il nous vaut mieux servir les Égyptiens, que de mourir au désert?

13 Et Moïse dit au peuple: Ne craignez point; tenez-vous là, et voyez la délivrance de l'Éternel, qu'il vous accordera aujourd'hui; car les Égyptiens que vous avez vus aujourd'hui, vous ne les reverrez jamais plus.

14 L'Éternel combattra pour vous, et vous, vous resterez tranquilles.

15 Et l'Éternel dit à Moïse: Pourquoi cries-tu à moi? Parle aux enfants d'Israël, et qu'ils marchent.

16 Et toi, élève ta verge, et étends ta main sur la mer, et fends-la; et que les enfants d'Israël entrent au milieu de la mer, à sec.

17 Et moi, voici, je vais endurcir le cœur des Égyptiens, et ils y entreront après eux; et je serai glorifié en Pharaon et en toute son armée, en ses chars et en ses cavaliers.

18 Et les Égyptiens sauront que je suis l'Éternel, quand je serai glorifié en Pharaon, en ses chars et en ses cavaliers.

19 Et l'ange de Dieu, qui allait devant le camp d'Israël, partit et alla derrière eux; et la colonne de nuée partit de devant eux, et se tint derrière eux;

20 Et elle vint entre le camp des Égyptiens et le camp d'Israël. Et elle fut d'un côté une nuée obscure; mais, de l'autre, elle éclairait la nuit; et ils ne s'approchèrent point les uns des autres de toute la nuit.

21 Or, Moïse étendit la main sur la mer, et l'Éternel refoula la mer, toute la nuit, par un fort vent d'Orient; et il mit la mer à sec, et les eaux se fendirent.

22 Et les enfants d'Israël entrèrent au milieu de la mer à sec; et les eaux leur formaient une muraille à leur droite et à leur gauche.

23 Et les Égyptiens les poursuivirent; et tous les chevaux de Pharaon, ses chars et ses cavaliers, entrèrent après eux au milieu de la mer.

24 Mais il arriva, sur la veille du matin, que l'Éternel, étant dans la colonne de feu et de nuée, regarda le camp des Égyptiens, et le mit en déroute.

25 Et il ôta les roues de leurs chars, et fit qu'on les menait pesamment. Alors les Égyptiens dirent: Fuyons de devant les Israélites, car l'Éternel combat pour eux contre les Égyptiens.

26 Et l'Éternel dit à Moïse: Étends ta main sur la mer, et les eaux retourneront sur les Égyptiens, sur leurs chars et sur leurs cavaliers.

27 Moïse étendit donc sa main sur la mer, et la mer retourna vers le matin dans son lit; et les Égyptiens s'enfuyant la rencontrèrent, et l'Éternel jeta les Égyptiens au milieu de la mer.

28 Les eaux retournèrent donc et couvrirent les chars et les cavaliers de toute l'armée de Pharaon, qui étaient entrés après les Israélites dans la mer; il n'en resta pas un seul.

29 Mais les enfants d'Israël marchèrent à sec au milieu de la mer; et les eaux leur formaient une muraille à leur droite et à leur gauche.

30 En ce jour-là l'Éternel délivra Israël de la main des Égyptiens; et Israël vit les Égyptiens morts, sur le rivage de la mer.

31 Ainsi Israël vit la grande puissance que l'Éternel avait déployée contre les Égyptiens; et le peuple craignit l'Éternel, et ils crurent en l'Éternel et en Moïse, son serviteur.

Exode 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

God directs the Israelites to Pihahiroth, Pharaoh pursues after them. (1-9) The Israelites murmur, Moses comforts them. (10-14) God instructs Moses, The cloud between the Israelites and the Egyptians. (15-20) The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians. (21-31)

Verses 1-9 Pharaoh would think that all Israel was entangled in the wilderness, and so would become an easy prey. But God says, I will be honoured upon Pharaoh. All men being made for the honour of their Maker, those whom he is not honoured by, he will be honoured upon. What seems to tend to the church's ruin, is often overruled to the ruin of the church's enemies. While Pharaoh gratified his malice and revenge, he furthered the bringing to pass God's counsels concerning him. Though with the greatest reason he had let Israel go, yet now he was angry with himself for it. God makes the envy and rage of men against his people, a torment to themselves. Those who set their faces heavenward, and will live godly in Christ Jesus, must expect to be set upon by Satan's temptations and terrors. He will not tamely part with any out of his service.

Verses 10-14 There was no way open to Israel but upward, and thence their deliverance came. We may be in the way of duty, following God, and hastening toward heaven, yet may be troubled on every side. Some cried out unto the Lord; their fear led them to pray, and that was well. God brings us into straits, that he may bring us to our knees. Others cried out against Moses; fear set them murmuring as if God were not still able to work miracles. They quarrel with Moses for bringing them out of Egypt; and so were angry with God for the greatest kindness ever done them; thus gross are the absurdities of unbelief. Moses says, Fear ye not. It is always our duty and interest, when we cannot get out of troubles, yet to get above our fears; let them quicken our prayers and endeavours, but not silence our faith and hope. "Stand still," think not to save yourselves either by fighting or flying; wait God's orders, and observe them. Compose yourselves, by confidence in God, into peaceful thoughts of the great salvation God is about to work for you. If God brings his people into straits, he will find a way to bring them out.

Verses 15-20 Moses' silent prayers of faith prevailed more with God than Israel's loud outcries of fear. The pillar of cloud and fire came behind them, where they needed a guard, and it was a wall between them and their enemies. The word and providence of God have a black and dark side toward sin and sinners, but a bright and pleasant side toward the people of the Lord. He, who divided between light and darkness, ( Genesis 1:4 ) , allotted darkness to the Egyptians, and light to the Israelites. Such a difference there will be between the inheritance of the saints in light, and that utter darkness which will be the portion of hypocrites for ever.

Verses 21-31 The dividing the Red sea was the terror of the Canaanites, ( Joshua 2:9 ) ; the praise and triumph of the Israelites, ( Psalm 114:3 , Psalm 106:9 , Psalm 136:13 ) . It was a type of baptism, #1Co. 10:1, #1Co. 10:2 . Israel's passage through it was typical of the conversion of souls, ( Isaiah 11:15 ) ; and the Egyptians being drowned in it was typical of the final ruin of all unrepenting sinners. God showed his almighty power, by opening a passage through the waters, some miles over. God can bring his people through the greatest difficulties, and force a way where he does not find it. It was an instance of his wonderful favour to his Israel. They went through the sea, they walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea. This was done, in order to encourage God's people in all ages to trust him in the greatest straits. What cannot he do who did this? What will not he do for those that fear and love him, who did this for these murmuring, unbelieving Israelites? Then followed the just and righteous wrath of God upon his and his people's enemies. The ruin of sinners is brought on by their own rage and presumption. They might have let Israel alone, and would not; now they would flee from the face of Israel, and cannot. Men will not be convinced, till it is too late, that those who meddle with God's people, meddle to their own hurt. Moses was ordered to stretch out his hand over the sea; the waters returned, and overwhelmed all the host of the Egyptians. Pharaoh and his servants, who had hardened one another in sin, now fell together, not one escaped. The Israelites saw the Egyptians dead upon the sands. The sight very much affected them. While men see God's works, and feel the benefit, they fear him and trust in him. How well were it for us, if we were always in as good a frame as sometimes! Behold the end to which a Christian may look forward. His enemies rage, and are mighty; but while he holds fast by God, he shall pass the waves in safety guarded by that very power of his Saviour, which shall come down on every spiritual foe. The enemies of his soul whom he hath seen to-day, he shall see no more for ever.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 14

This chapter begins with directions of God to Moses, to be given to the children of Israel about the course they were to steer in their journey, with the reason thereof, Ex 14:1-4, which they observing, a report was brought to Pharaoh that they were fled, and this determined him and his servants to get ready and pursue after them, as they did with a great army, Ex 14:5-9, which when the Israelites saw, it put them in great fear, and set them to murmuring and complaining against Moses for bringing them out of Egypt, Ex 14:10,11,12, who desired them to be still and quiet, and they should see the salvation of the Lord, Ex 14:13,14, and he is bid to order the people to go on in their journey, and to take his rod and stretch it over the sea and divide it, that Israel might pass through it on dry ground, and the Egyptians follow them, whereby God would be honoured and glorified, Ex 14:15-18, upon which the Angel of the Lord in a pillar of cloud removed from before there, and went behind them for their protection, Ex 14:19,20, and Moses stretching out his hand over the sea, and a strong east wind blowing upon it, the waters divided and the Israelites went into it, and the Egyptians followed them, but their host being troubled by the Lord, and their chariot wheels taken off, they found themselves in great danger, and were thrown into a panic, Ex 14:20-25 and upon Moses's stretching out his hand again over the sea, the waters returned, and Pharaoh and his host were drowned, but the Israelites passed through safely, as on dry land, Ex 14:26-29, which great work of the Lord being observed by them, influenced their fear of him, their faith in him and his servant Moses, Ex 14:30,31.